Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>
The increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) in the atmosphere decreases mineral nutrients concentration in crops, whereas it increases water use efficiency (WUE). Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) could not only increase WUE but also improve plant nutrient...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3069 |
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| author | Guiyu Wei Xiangnan Xu Bingjing Cui Manyi Zhang Jie Liu Zhenhua Wei Fulai Liu |
| author_facet | Guiyu Wei Xiangnan Xu Bingjing Cui Manyi Zhang Jie Liu Zhenhua Wei Fulai Liu |
| author_sort | Guiyu Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) in the atmosphere decreases mineral nutrients concentration in crops, whereas it increases water use efficiency (WUE). Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) could not only increase WUE but also improve plant nutrient status. Yet the effect of PRI combined with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (<i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]) on the element stoichiometry of tomato leaves remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the responses of leaf mineral nutrients status and element stoichiometric ratios in tomatoes to PRI combined with <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Tomato plants (cv. Ailsa Craig) were grown in pots in climate-controlled growth chambers with ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>] (<i>a</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], 400ppm) and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] (<i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], 800ppm), respectively. Three irrigation regimes, i.e., full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and PRI, were applied to tomato plants at the flowering stage. The results showed that plants grown under DI and PRI had a similar biomass, enhanced root growth including greater root to shoot ratio, root length, surface area, volume and specific length, and an improved WUE in comparison with FI under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Additionally, under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], PRI showed an increase in leaf [C](+1.5%) and [N] (+9.3%), no decrease in leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg], [S] and [<sup>15</sup>N], but a decrease in leaf C/N (−6.6%) as compared with FI. Conclusively, PRI had the ability to improve leaf N concentration, maintain most leaf mineral nutrient concentrations, and optimize or maintain leaf element stoichiometric ratios under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Therefore, PRI would be a practicable mode of irrigation for optimizing WUE and nutrient status in tomato leaves in a future freshwater-limited and higher-CO<sub>2</sub> environment. |
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| id | doaj.art-66d7c0b2a9704cb087a07cf09b982760 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:04:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-66d7c0b2a9704cb087a07cf09b9827602023-12-22T13:46:51ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-12-011312306910.3390/agronomy13123069Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub>Guiyu Wei0Xiangnan Xu1Bingjing Cui2Manyi Zhang3Jie Liu4Zhenhua Wei5Fulai Liu6College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, DenmarkThe increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) in the atmosphere decreases mineral nutrients concentration in crops, whereas it increases water use efficiency (WUE). Partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) could not only increase WUE but also improve plant nutrient status. Yet the effect of PRI combined with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (<i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]) on the element stoichiometry of tomato leaves remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the responses of leaf mineral nutrients status and element stoichiometric ratios in tomatoes to PRI combined with <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Tomato plants (cv. Ailsa Craig) were grown in pots in climate-controlled growth chambers with ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>] (<i>a</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], 400ppm) and elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] (<i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], 800ppm), respectively. Three irrigation regimes, i.e., full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and PRI, were applied to tomato plants at the flowering stage. The results showed that plants grown under DI and PRI had a similar biomass, enhanced root growth including greater root to shoot ratio, root length, surface area, volume and specific length, and an improved WUE in comparison with FI under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Additionally, under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>], PRI showed an increase in leaf [C](+1.5%) and [N] (+9.3%), no decrease in leaf [K], [Ca], [Mg], [S] and [<sup>15</sup>N], but a decrease in leaf C/N (−6.6%) as compared with FI. Conclusively, PRI had the ability to improve leaf N concentration, maintain most leaf mineral nutrient concentrations, and optimize or maintain leaf element stoichiometric ratios under <i>e</i>[CO<sub>2</sub>]. Therefore, PRI would be a practicable mode of irrigation for optimizing WUE and nutrient status in tomato leaves in a future freshwater-limited and higher-CO<sub>2</sub> environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3069CO<sub>2</sub> concentrationirrigation regimesroot morphologymineral nutrientelemental stoichiometric ratio |
| spellingShingle | Guiyu Wei Xiangnan Xu Bingjing Cui Manyi Zhang Jie Liu Zhenhua Wei Fulai Liu Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> Agronomy CO<sub>2</sub> concentration irrigation regimes root morphology mineral nutrient elemental stoichiometric ratio |
| title | Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full | Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_short | Effect of Partial Root-Zone Irrigation on Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits and Leaf Elemental Stoichiometry of Tomato under Elevated CO<sub>2</sub> |
| title_sort | effect of partial root zone irrigation on plant growth root morphological traits and leaf elemental stoichiometry of tomato under elevated co sub 2 sub |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> concentration irrigation regimes root morphology mineral nutrient elemental stoichiometric ratio |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/12/3069 |
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