Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study
Objective In Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official vid...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-04-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/4/e081942.full |
| _version_ | 1797226761291825152 |
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| author | Yukio Urabe Kazuki Fukui Junpei Sasadai Makoto Komiya Noriaki Maeda Reia Shimizu Akira Suzuki Shogo Tsutsumi Satoshi Arima Tsubasa Tashiro Kazuki Kaneda Mitsuhiro Yoshimi Rami Mizuta Yuki Tamura Takumi Nagao Tomoya Watanabe Honoka Ishihara |
| author_facet | Yukio Urabe Kazuki Fukui Junpei Sasadai Makoto Komiya Noriaki Maeda Reia Shimizu Akira Suzuki Shogo Tsutsumi Satoshi Arima Tsubasa Tashiro Kazuki Kaneda Mitsuhiro Yoshimi Rami Mizuta Yuki Tamura Takumi Nagao Tomoya Watanabe Honoka Ishihara |
| author_sort | Yukio Urabe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective In Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official videos.Design Video-based observational study.Participants In total, 36 blind football (men’s football 5-a-side) game videos were obtained from the official International Paralympic Committee.Primary and secondary outcome measures Head impact was defined as the sudden contact of any object with the head. Videos were analysed to assess the number of scores and head impacts along with their corresponding details (ie, round, playing phase, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, head impact site, fall and foul).Results The total number of goals scored at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was nearly double that at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Regarding head impacts, a total of 2036 cases (Rio 2016, n=1105; Tokyo 2020, n=931) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in head impact characteristics between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games among seven outcomes (round, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, site of head impact and fall).Conclusions Compared with the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games showed an increase in the number of points scored and different head impact characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:30:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66d955679219478abd0d5c1d73df3670 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T14:30:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-66d955679219478abd0d5c1d73df36702024-04-03T03:50:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-04-0114410.1136/bmjopen-2023-081942Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational studyYukio Urabe0Kazuki Fukui1Junpei Sasadai2Makoto Komiya3Noriaki Maeda4Reia Shimizu5Akira Suzuki6Shogo Tsutsumi7Satoshi Arima8Tsubasa Tashiro9Kazuki Kaneda10Mitsuhiro Yoshimi11Rami Mizuta12Yuki Tamura13Takumi Nagao14Tomoya Watanabe15Honoka Ishihara16Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanSports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanJapan Institute Of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, JapanSports Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS), Tokyo, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanDepartment of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanObjective In Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games, there were the rule and goal size changes at the blind football competition. This study aimed to compare the scoring and head impact characteristics during blind football competition between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games using the official videos.Design Video-based observational study.Participants In total, 36 blind football (men’s football 5-a-side) game videos were obtained from the official International Paralympic Committee.Primary and secondary outcome measures Head impact was defined as the sudden contact of any object with the head. Videos were analysed to assess the number of scores and head impacts along with their corresponding details (ie, round, playing phase, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, head impact site, fall and foul).Results The total number of goals scored at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games was nearly double that at the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. Regarding head impacts, a total of 2036 cases (Rio 2016, n=1105; Tokyo 2020, n=931) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed in head impact characteristics between the Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games among seven outcomes (round, scoring situation, impact situation, occurrence area, impact object, site of head impact and fall).Conclusions Compared with the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games showed an increase in the number of points scored and different head impact characteristics.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/4/e081942.full |
| spellingShingle | Yukio Urabe Kazuki Fukui Junpei Sasadai Makoto Komiya Noriaki Maeda Reia Shimizu Akira Suzuki Shogo Tsutsumi Satoshi Arima Tsubasa Tashiro Kazuki Kaneda Mitsuhiro Yoshimi Rami Mizuta Yuki Tamura Takumi Nagao Tomoya Watanabe Honoka Ishihara Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study BMJ Open |
| title | Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study |
| title_full | Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study |
| title_fullStr | Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study |
| title_short | Head impact differences in blind football between Rio 2016 and Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games: video-based observational study |
| title_sort | head impact differences in blind football between rio 2016 and tokyo 2020 paralympic games video based observational study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/4/e081942.full |
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