Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study
Introduction: Vulvodynia, vulvar pain syndrome, is defined as vulvar pain of at least a 3-month duration without a clear identifiable cause, which may have associated factor and the etiology and treatment of this challenging disease is still unclear. Dyspareunia is a relevant symptom of patients wit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Oxford University Press
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Sexual Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2050116120302026 |
| _version_ | 1797706323668762624 |
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| author | So Yun Park, MD, PhD Eun Sil Lee, MD, PhD Sa Ra Lee, MD, PhD Sung Hoon Kim, MD, PhD Hee Dong Chae, MD, PhD |
| author_facet | So Yun Park, MD, PhD Eun Sil Lee, MD, PhD Sa Ra Lee, MD, PhD Sung Hoon Kim, MD, PhD Hee Dong Chae, MD, PhD |
| author_sort | So Yun Park, MD, PhD |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Vulvodynia, vulvar pain syndrome, is defined as vulvar pain of at least a 3-month duration without a clear identifiable cause, which may have associated factor and the etiology and treatment of this challenging disease is still unclear. Dyspareunia is a relevant symptom of patients with vulvodynia. Vaginal microbiome has known an important role in local immune-inflammatory responses and it may be important pathogenic mechanism in vulvodynia. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of vaginal microbiome and vulvodynia. Methods: We analyzed the microbial compositions of the vestibule and vagina among women with clinically diagnosed vulvodynia (n = 22) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 22) without vulvodynia. The compositions of bacterial microbiomes were compared by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA. Main outcome measure: Vaginal microbiome alpha and beta diversity were assessed using the Shannon diversity index and Heat map. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to find out marker for vulvodynia. Results: There were no significant differences in the age, duration of marriage, history of gynecologic surgery, parity, and menopause status between cases and controls. A total of 1,661,934 high-quality pyrosequencing reads was obtained to evaluate bacterial diversity, and 50,246 unique sequences represented all phylotypes. The type and mean number of the genera were not different between cases and controls. However, the most predominant phyla of bacteria were significantly different between cases and controls. 3 phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes) and 11 genera including Gardnerella, Ureaplasma, Achromobacter, Mycoplasma, and Bifidobacteria were significantly more prevalent in cases than in controls (P < .05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis suggest the Bifidobacterium, Mycoplasma, and Fenollaria species can be potential markers for vulvodynia. Conclusion: Our results suggest the differences in vaginal microbiome can be associated with the vulvodynia.Park SY, Lee ES, Lee SR, et al. Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Sex Med 2021;9:100314. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:49:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66e7082e12a44546ad3a0d62e58f5166 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-1161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T05:49:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sexual Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-66e7082e12a44546ad3a0d62e58f51662023-09-03T05:14:09ZengOxford University PressSexual Medicine2050-11612021-04-0192100314Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control StudySo Yun Park, MD, PhD0Eun Sil Lee, MD, PhD1Sa Ra Lee, MD, PhD2Sung Hoon Kim, MD, PhD3Hee Dong Chae, MD, PhD4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding Author: Sa Ra Lee, MD, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-3010-3648; Fax: +82-2-3010-3630Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of KoreaIntroduction: Vulvodynia, vulvar pain syndrome, is defined as vulvar pain of at least a 3-month duration without a clear identifiable cause, which may have associated factor and the etiology and treatment of this challenging disease is still unclear. Dyspareunia is a relevant symptom of patients with vulvodynia. Vaginal microbiome has known an important role in local immune-inflammatory responses and it may be important pathogenic mechanism in vulvodynia. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the association of vaginal microbiome and vulvodynia. Methods: We analyzed the microbial compositions of the vestibule and vagina among women with clinically diagnosed vulvodynia (n = 22) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 22) without vulvodynia. The compositions of bacterial microbiomes were compared by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA. Main outcome measure: Vaginal microbiome alpha and beta diversity were assessed using the Shannon diversity index and Heat map. Linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to find out marker for vulvodynia. Results: There were no significant differences in the age, duration of marriage, history of gynecologic surgery, parity, and menopause status between cases and controls. A total of 1,661,934 high-quality pyrosequencing reads was obtained to evaluate bacterial diversity, and 50,246 unique sequences represented all phylotypes. The type and mean number of the genera were not different between cases and controls. However, the most predominant phyla of bacteria were significantly different between cases and controls. 3 phyla (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes) and 11 genera including Gardnerella, Ureaplasma, Achromobacter, Mycoplasma, and Bifidobacteria were significantly more prevalent in cases than in controls (P < .05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis suggest the Bifidobacterium, Mycoplasma, and Fenollaria species can be potential markers for vulvodynia. Conclusion: Our results suggest the differences in vaginal microbiome can be associated with the vulvodynia.Park SY, Lee ES, Lee SR, et al. Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. Sex Med 2021;9:100314.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2050116120302026IntercourseMetagenomicsMicrobiomePainVulvodynia |
| spellingShingle | So Yun Park, MD, PhD Eun Sil Lee, MD, PhD Sa Ra Lee, MD, PhD Sung Hoon Kim, MD, PhD Hee Dong Chae, MD, PhD Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study Sexual Medicine Intercourse Metagenomics Microbiome Pain Vulvodynia |
| title | Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full | Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study |
| title_short | Vaginal Microbiome Is Associated With Vulvodynia, Vulvar Pain Syndrome: A Case-Control Study |
| title_sort | vaginal microbiome is associated with vulvodynia vulvar pain syndrome a case control study |
| topic | Intercourse Metagenomics Microbiome Pain Vulvodynia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2050116120302026 |
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