Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza
Water birds play a crucial role in disseminating and amplifying avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environment. However, they may have limited interactions with domestic facilities, raising the hypothesis that other wild birds may play the bridging role in introducing AIVs into poultry. An ornith...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2601 |
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| author | Luca Martelli Diletta Fornasiero Francesco Scarton Arianna Spada Francesca Scolamacchia Grazia Manca Paolo Mulatti |
| author_facet | Luca Martelli Diletta Fornasiero Francesco Scarton Arianna Spada Francesca Scolamacchia Grazia Manca Paolo Mulatti |
| author_sort | Luca Martelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Water birds play a crucial role in disseminating and amplifying avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environment. However, they may have limited interactions with domestic facilities, raising the hypothesis that other wild birds may play the bridging role in introducing AIVs into poultry. An ornithocoenosis study, based on census-transect and camera-trapping methods, was conducted in 2019 in ten poultry premises in northeast Italy to characterize the bird communities and envisage the species that might act as bridge hosts for AIVs. The data collected were explored through a series of multivariate analyses (correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and biodiversity indices (observed and estimated richness, Shannon entropy and Pielou’s evenness). The analyses revealed a high level of complexity in the ornithic population, with 147 censused species, and significant qualitative and quantitative differences in wild bird species composition, both in space and in time. Among these, only a few were observed in close proximity to the farm premises (i.e., Magpies, Blackbirds, Cattle Egrets, Pheasants, Eurasian Collared Doves, and Wood Pigeons), thus suggesting their potential role in spilling over AIVs to poultry; contrarily, waterfowls appeared to be scarcely inclined to close visits, especially during autumn and winter seasons. These findings stress the importance of ongoing research on the wild–domestic bird interface, advocating for a wider range of species to be considered in AIVs surveillance and prevention programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:01:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-66efb8f75fe04f6ba97e918d533107132023-11-19T17:29:15ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-10-011110260110.3390/microorganisms11102601Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian InfluenzaLuca Martelli0Diletta Fornasiero1Francesco Scarton2Arianna Spada3Francesca Scolamacchia4Grazia Manca5Paolo Mulatti6Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, ItalySELC Soc. Coop., 30175 Venice, ItalySELC Soc. Coop., 30175 Venice, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, ItalyWater birds play a crucial role in disseminating and amplifying avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in the environment. However, they may have limited interactions with domestic facilities, raising the hypothesis that other wild birds may play the bridging role in introducing AIVs into poultry. An ornithocoenosis study, based on census-transect and camera-trapping methods, was conducted in 2019 in ten poultry premises in northeast Italy to characterize the bird communities and envisage the species that might act as bridge hosts for AIVs. The data collected were explored through a series of multivariate analyses (correspondence analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling), and biodiversity indices (observed and estimated richness, Shannon entropy and Pielou’s evenness). The analyses revealed a high level of complexity in the ornithic population, with 147 censused species, and significant qualitative and quantitative differences in wild bird species composition, both in space and in time. Among these, only a few were observed in close proximity to the farm premises (i.e., Magpies, Blackbirds, Cattle Egrets, Pheasants, Eurasian Collared Doves, and Wood Pigeons), thus suggesting their potential role in spilling over AIVs to poultry; contrarily, waterfowls appeared to be scarcely inclined to close visits, especially during autumn and winter seasons. These findings stress the importance of ongoing research on the wild–domestic bird interface, advocating for a wider range of species to be considered in AIVs surveillance and prevention programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2601HPAIwild birdsornithocenosisbridge hostsspilloverwild–domestic interface |
| spellingShingle | Luca Martelli Diletta Fornasiero Francesco Scarton Arianna Spada Francesca Scolamacchia Grazia Manca Paolo Mulatti Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza Microorganisms HPAI wild birds ornithocenosis bridge hosts spillover wild–domestic interface |
| title | Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza |
| title_full | Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza |
| title_fullStr | Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza |
| title_short | Study of the Interface between Wild Bird Populations and Poultry and Their Potential Role in the Spread of Avian Influenza |
| title_sort | study of the interface between wild bird populations and poultry and their potential role in the spread of avian influenza |
| topic | HPAI wild birds ornithocenosis bridge hosts spillover wild–domestic interface |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2601 |
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