3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity
Binder Jetting (BJT) is a non-fusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique. It consists of the selective deposition of a liquid binder to join powder particles, thereby enabling the creation of near-net-shaped parts.In this study, the main printing parameters correlated to the binder distribut...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424004381 |
| _version_ | 1827310725881659392 |
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| author | Francesco Bertolini Marco Mariani Elisa Mercadelli Carlo Baldisserri Carmen Galassi Claudio Capiani Raffaele Ardito Nora Lecis |
| author_facet | Francesco Bertolini Marco Mariani Elisa Mercadelli Carlo Baldisserri Carmen Galassi Claudio Capiani Raffaele Ardito Nora Lecis |
| author_sort | Francesco Bertolini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Binder Jetting (BJT) is a non-fusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique. It consists of the selective deposition of a liquid binder to join powder particles, thereby enabling the creation of near-net-shaped parts.In this study, the main printing parameters correlated to the binder distribution and infiltration (binder saturation, binder set time, drying time, and target bed temperature) were optimised to improve the precision of green parts printed with potassium sodium niobate (KNN) powder. The optimisation procedure was conducted using the Taguchi statistical method. An L9 orthogonal array with four factors of control at three levels each was employed. The analysis showed that the drying time had the greatest influence on the precision of green parts, followed by binder saturation and target bed temperature. Binder set time did not seem to affect the results.Dimensional analysis, microstructural and piezoelectric characterisation of parts densified by pressureless sintering were conducted. The highest average relative density exceeded 80% for the specimens printed with the lower binder saturation. Piezoelectric properties exhibit more complex behaviour. The prolonged infiltration of larger binder volumes is correlated to higher g33, thus FOMh and FOM33, and lower values for ε33T. On the other hand, d33 does not display a specific dependence on density or printing parameters.The results of this study indicate that BJT can be used to fabricate high-precision KNN components with good piezoelectric properties. The optimisation of printing parameters is essential to achieve the desired results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:09:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66f6ce5e6c004a0d8cb1fb23965fe4e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:04:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-66f6ce5e6c004a0d8cb1fb23965fe4e12024-03-24T06:58:29ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-03-0129459746063D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosityFrancesco Bertolini0Marco Mariani1Elisa Mercadelli2Carlo Baldisserri3Carmen Galassi4Claudio Capiani5Raffaele Ardito6Nora Lecis7Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20156, Italy; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20156, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC, Former ISTEC), Faenza, 48018, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC, Former ISTEC), Faenza, 48018, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20156, Italy; National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC, Former ISTEC), Faenza, 48018, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics (CNR-ISSMC, Former ISTEC), Faenza, 48018, ItalyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20133, ItalyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, 20156, ItalyBinder Jetting (BJT) is a non-fusion-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique. It consists of the selective deposition of a liquid binder to join powder particles, thereby enabling the creation of near-net-shaped parts.In this study, the main printing parameters correlated to the binder distribution and infiltration (binder saturation, binder set time, drying time, and target bed temperature) were optimised to improve the precision of green parts printed with potassium sodium niobate (KNN) powder. The optimisation procedure was conducted using the Taguchi statistical method. An L9 orthogonal array with four factors of control at three levels each was employed. The analysis showed that the drying time had the greatest influence on the precision of green parts, followed by binder saturation and target bed temperature. Binder set time did not seem to affect the results.Dimensional analysis, microstructural and piezoelectric characterisation of parts densified by pressureless sintering were conducted. The highest average relative density exceeded 80% for the specimens printed with the lower binder saturation. Piezoelectric properties exhibit more complex behaviour. The prolonged infiltration of larger binder volumes is correlated to higher g33, thus FOMh and FOM33, and lower values for ε33T. On the other hand, d33 does not display a specific dependence on density or printing parameters.The results of this study indicate that BJT can be used to fabricate high-precision KNN components with good piezoelectric properties. The optimisation of printing parameters is essential to achieve the desired results.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424004381Binder jettingAdditive manufacturingPorous piezoceramicPotassium sodium niobateDesign of experimentTaguchi method |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Bertolini Marco Mariani Elisa Mercadelli Carlo Baldisserri Carmen Galassi Claudio Capiani Raffaele Ardito Nora Lecis 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity Journal of Materials Research and Technology Binder jetting Additive manufacturing Porous piezoceramic Potassium sodium niobate Design of experiment Taguchi method |
| title | 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| title_full | 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| title_fullStr | 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| title_short | 3D printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting: Printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| title_sort | 3d printing of potassium sodium niobate by binder jetting printing parameters optimisation and correlation to final porosity |
| topic | Binder jetting Additive manufacturing Porous piezoceramic Potassium sodium niobate Design of experiment Taguchi method |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424004381 |
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