Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review
For elevated-temperature thermomechanical processing, the occurrence of recrystallization during straining is known as dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which usually happens in Mg alloys during practical hot deformation processes such as rolling, forging, extrusion, friction stir processing (FSP), a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423016794 |
| _version_ | 1827867605532147712 |
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| author | Hamed Mirzadeh |
| author_facet | Hamed Mirzadeh |
| author_sort | Hamed Mirzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For elevated-temperature thermomechanical processing, the occurrence of recrystallization during straining is known as dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which usually happens in Mg alloys during practical hot deformation processes such as rolling, forging, extrusion, friction stir processing (FSP), and multidirectional forging (MDF). Accordingly, the present review paper is dedicated to the grain refinement of Mg alloys by DRX during hot working and summarization of the state-of-the-art. Firstly, the grain refinement of Mg alloys is overviewed, which includes grain refinement achieved during (I) solidification (heterogeneous nucleant particles, growth restriction factor, and ultrasonic treatment), (II) fusion-based and solid-state metal additive manufacturing, (III) annealing of deformed alloys via static recrystallization (SRX), and (IV) severe plastic deformation (SPD). Afterward, the critical conditions for the initiation of DRX, single-peak and multiple-peak (cyclic) flow behaviors, microstructural evolution, and necklace formation during DRX are summarized for Mg alloys. Moreover, the dependency of the DRX grain size and its kinetics to the (I) deformation conditions (temperature and strain rate, as represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter), (II) initial microstructure (by consideration of continuous and discontinuous DRX mechanisms), (III) alloying elements (solute drag effect), (IV) dynamic precipitation (Zener pinning effect for retardation of grain coarsening), and (V) particle stimulated nucleation (PSN, especially for the Mg alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures and metal-matrix composites) are critically discussed. Furthermore, the metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) as well as improvement of mechanical properties (represented by the Hall-Petch relationship), enhancement of strength–ductility synergy, and inducing superplasticity for superplastic forming by DRX are overviewed. Finally, the research gaps and distinct suggestions for future works are introduced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:19:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66fb297d847b4d91bb023de967d615bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:19:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-66fb297d847b4d91bb023de967d615bd2023-08-11T05:34:41ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542023-07-012570507077Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A reviewHamed Mirzadeh0School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFor elevated-temperature thermomechanical processing, the occurrence of recrystallization during straining is known as dynamic recrystallization (DRX), which usually happens in Mg alloys during practical hot deformation processes such as rolling, forging, extrusion, friction stir processing (FSP), and multidirectional forging (MDF). Accordingly, the present review paper is dedicated to the grain refinement of Mg alloys by DRX during hot working and summarization of the state-of-the-art. Firstly, the grain refinement of Mg alloys is overviewed, which includes grain refinement achieved during (I) solidification (heterogeneous nucleant particles, growth restriction factor, and ultrasonic treatment), (II) fusion-based and solid-state metal additive manufacturing, (III) annealing of deformed alloys via static recrystallization (SRX), and (IV) severe plastic deformation (SPD). Afterward, the critical conditions for the initiation of DRX, single-peak and multiple-peak (cyclic) flow behaviors, microstructural evolution, and necklace formation during DRX are summarized for Mg alloys. Moreover, the dependency of the DRX grain size and its kinetics to the (I) deformation conditions (temperature and strain rate, as represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter), (II) initial microstructure (by consideration of continuous and discontinuous DRX mechanisms), (III) alloying elements (solute drag effect), (IV) dynamic precipitation (Zener pinning effect for retardation of grain coarsening), and (V) particle stimulated nucleation (PSN, especially for the Mg alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures and metal-matrix composites) are critically discussed. Furthermore, the metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) as well as improvement of mechanical properties (represented by the Hall-Petch relationship), enhancement of strength–ductility synergy, and inducing superplasticity for superplastic forming by DRX are overviewed. Finally, the research gaps and distinct suggestions for future works are introduced.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423016794Mg alloysDynamic recrystallizationGrain refinementHot deformationThermomechanical processing |
| spellingShingle | Hamed Mirzadeh Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review Journal of Materials Research and Technology Mg alloys Dynamic recrystallization Grain refinement Hot deformation Thermomechanical processing |
| title | Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review |
| title_full | Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review |
| title_fullStr | Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review |
| title_short | Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization (DRX): A review |
| title_sort | grain refinement of magnesium alloys by dynamic recrystallization drx a review |
| topic | Mg alloys Dynamic recrystallization Grain refinement Hot deformation Thermomechanical processing |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423016794 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hamedmirzadeh grainrefinementofmagnesiumalloysbydynamicrecrystallizationdrxareview |