Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision
Pancreatic islet β cells regulate glucose homeostasis via glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Cytoskeletal polymers microtubules (MTs) serve as tracks for the transport and positioning of secretory insulin granules. MT network in β cells has unique morphology with several distinct features,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.915206/full |
| _version_ | 1811323211709677568 |
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| author | Kai M. Bracey Guoqiang Gu Irina Kaverina |
| author_facet | Kai M. Bracey Guoqiang Gu Irina Kaverina |
| author_sort | Kai M. Bracey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pancreatic islet β cells regulate glucose homeostasis via glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Cytoskeletal polymers microtubules (MTs) serve as tracks for the transport and positioning of secretory insulin granules. MT network in β cells has unique morphology with several distinct features, which support granule biogenesis (via Golgi-derived MT array), net non-directional transport (via interlocked MT mesh), and control availability of granules at secretion sites (via submembrane MT bundle). The submembrane MT array, which is parallel to the plasma membrane and serves to withdraw excessive granules from the secretion hot spots, is destabilized and fragmented downstream of high glucose stimulation, allowing for regulated secretion. The origin of such an unusual MT network, the features that define its functionality, and metabolic pathways that regulate it are still to a large extent elusive and are a matter of active investigation and debate. Besides the MT network itself, it is important to consider the interplay of molecular motors that drive and fine-tune insulin granule transport. Importantly, activity of kinesin-1, which is the major MT-dependent motor in β cells, transports insulin granules, and has a capacity to remodel MT network, is also regulated by glucose. We discuss yet unknown potential avenues toward understanding how MT network and motor proteins provide control for secretion in coordination with other GSIS-regulating mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:51:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67010ed2dbf842a4a24238ea82977ca4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:51:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-67010ed2dbf842a4a24238ea82977ca42022-12-22T02:44:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2022-07-011010.3389/fcell.2022.915206915206Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward PrecisionKai M. BraceyGuoqiang GuIrina KaverinaPancreatic islet β cells regulate glucose homeostasis via glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Cytoskeletal polymers microtubules (MTs) serve as tracks for the transport and positioning of secretory insulin granules. MT network in β cells has unique morphology with several distinct features, which support granule biogenesis (via Golgi-derived MT array), net non-directional transport (via interlocked MT mesh), and control availability of granules at secretion sites (via submembrane MT bundle). The submembrane MT array, which is parallel to the plasma membrane and serves to withdraw excessive granules from the secretion hot spots, is destabilized and fragmented downstream of high glucose stimulation, allowing for regulated secretion. The origin of such an unusual MT network, the features that define its functionality, and metabolic pathways that regulate it are still to a large extent elusive and are a matter of active investigation and debate. Besides the MT network itself, it is important to consider the interplay of molecular motors that drive and fine-tune insulin granule transport. Importantly, activity of kinesin-1, which is the major MT-dependent motor in β cells, transports insulin granules, and has a capacity to remodel MT network, is also regulated by glucose. We discuss yet unknown potential avenues toward understanding how MT network and motor proteins provide control for secretion in coordination with other GSIS-regulating mechanisms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.915206/fullmicrotubuleinsulinpancreatic beta cellendocrine cellkinesindynein |
| spellingShingle | Kai M. Bracey Guoqiang Gu Irina Kaverina Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology microtubule insulin pancreatic beta cell endocrine cell kinesin dynein |
| title | Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision |
| title_full | Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision |
| title_fullStr | Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision |
| title_short | Microtubules in Pancreatic β Cells: Convoluted Roadways Toward Precision |
| title_sort | microtubules in pancreatic β cells convoluted roadways toward precision |
| topic | microtubule insulin pancreatic beta cell endocrine cell kinesin dynein |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2022.915206/full |
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