High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment
There is no standard for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians, nor is it widely used. Therefore, this study investigated visibility in order to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians. Methods: Twenty healthy participants (mean age, 22.4 ±...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7229 |
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| author | Tatsuya Iizuka Takushi Kawamorita Choku Takenaka Hajime Tsuji Hiroyuki Kanai Toshihiro Hirai Hiroo Suzuki Tomoya Handa Hitoshi Ishikawa |
| author_facet | Tatsuya Iizuka Takushi Kawamorita Choku Takenaka Hajime Tsuji Hiroyuki Kanai Toshihiro Hirai Hiroo Suzuki Tomoya Handa Hitoshi Ishikawa |
| author_sort | Tatsuya Iizuka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is no standard for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians, nor is it widely used. Therefore, this study investigated visibility in order to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians. Methods: Twenty healthy participants (mean age, 22.4 ± 4.4 years) without ocular disease, except for refractive errors, were studied. All participants had healthy visual acuity in corrected vision. This study assumed sunset conditions in Japan. The light source was set up in a dark room, and the illuminance in front of the visual target was set to 300 lx. We investigated the visibility of 142 patterns of black and yellow combination samples with different spatial frequencies, pattern types, angles, and color ratios. Results: The highest visibility was found at 5.0 cycles per degree of the stripe pattern at the spatial frequency, yellow ratio of 75%, and a stripe angle of 165°. Conclusions: Under sunset conditions, the brightness decreased when black was combined with yellow. However, it forms a two-color pattern and becomes more conspicuous. The highest visibility was obtained by arranging black and yellow in a diagonal stripe pattern. We predict that establishing clothing standards based on the results of this study will help design safety clothing with increased visibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-670ea370faa941ec8b5464afe5fe9f0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:02:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-670ea370faa941ec8b5464afe5fe9f0e2023-11-22T06:38:32ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-08-011116722910.3390/app11167229High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset EnvironmentTatsuya Iizuka0Takushi Kawamorita1Choku Takenaka2Hajime Tsuji3Hiroyuki Kanai4Toshihiro Hirai5Hiroo Suzuki6Tomoya Handa7Hitoshi Ishikawa8Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, JapanDepartment of Orthoptics and Visual Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, JapanNissenken Quality Evaluation Center, 2-16-11, Kuramae, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111-0051, JapanKaken Test Center, 4-1-22 Muromachi, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0022, JapanDepartment of Advanced Textile and Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 390-8621, JapanDepartment of Advanced Textile and Kansei Engineering, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 390-8621, JapanAzearth Corporation, 4-13-7 Kuramae, Taito-ku, Tokyo 111-8623, JapanDepartment of Orthoptics and Visual Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, JapanDepartment of Orthoptics and Visual Science, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, JapanThere is no standard for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians, nor is it widely used. Therefore, this study investigated visibility in order to examine the standards for high-visibility safety clothing for general pedestrians. Methods: Twenty healthy participants (mean age, 22.4 ± 4.4 years) without ocular disease, except for refractive errors, were studied. All participants had healthy visual acuity in corrected vision. This study assumed sunset conditions in Japan. The light source was set up in a dark room, and the illuminance in front of the visual target was set to 300 lx. We investigated the visibility of 142 patterns of black and yellow combination samples with different spatial frequencies, pattern types, angles, and color ratios. Results: The highest visibility was found at 5.0 cycles per degree of the stripe pattern at the spatial frequency, yellow ratio of 75%, and a stripe angle of 165°. Conclusions: Under sunset conditions, the brightness decreased when black was combined with yellow. However, it forms a two-color pattern and becomes more conspicuous. The highest visibility was obtained by arranging black and yellow in a diagonal stripe pattern. We predict that establishing clothing standards based on the results of this study will help design safety clothing with increased visibility.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7229visibilityhigh visibilityhigh visibility safety clothinghigh visibility clothing |
| spellingShingle | Tatsuya Iizuka Takushi Kawamorita Choku Takenaka Hajime Tsuji Hiroyuki Kanai Toshihiro Hirai Hiroo Suzuki Tomoya Handa Hitoshi Ishikawa High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment Applied Sciences visibility high visibility high visibility safety clothing high visibility clothing |
| title | High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment |
| title_full | High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment |
| title_fullStr | High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment |
| title_short | High Visibility Conditions in a Sunset Environment |
| title_sort | high visibility conditions in a sunset environment |
| topic | visibility high visibility high visibility safety clothing high visibility clothing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/16/7229 |
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