Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism
This present study was designed to investigate the different effects of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on improving cognitive deficits in 4-month-old SAMP8 mice. Mice were divided into six groups, including the SAMP8 group, the SAMP8 + Donepezil (1.6 mg/kg) group, the SAMP8 + Rb1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg), and...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00834/full |
| _version_ | 1819028915314753536 |
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| author | Yujie Yang Shanshan Li Hong Huang Jingwei Lv Shanguang Chen Alberto Carlos Pires Dias Yujiao Li Xinmin Liu Xinmin Liu Qiong Wang Qiong Wang Qiong Wang |
| author_facet | Yujie Yang Shanshan Li Hong Huang Jingwei Lv Shanguang Chen Alberto Carlos Pires Dias Yujiao Li Xinmin Liu Xinmin Liu Qiong Wang Qiong Wang Qiong Wang |
| author_sort | Yujie Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This present study was designed to investigate the different effects of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on improving cognitive deficits in 4-month-old SAMP8 mice. Mice were divided into six groups, including the SAMP8 group, the SAMP8 + Donepezil (1.6 mg/kg) group, the SAMP8 + Rb1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg), and SAMP8 + Rg1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg) groups. SAMR1 mice of the same age were used as the control group. Ginsenosides and donepezil were administrated orally to animals for 8 weeks, then the learning and memory ability of mice were measured by using Morris water maze (MWM) test, object recognition test and passive avoidance experiments. The possible mechanisms were studied including the anti-glial inflammation of Rb1 and Rg1 using HE staining, immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments. Results revealed that Rb1 and Rg1 treatment significantly improved the discrimination index of SAMP8 mice in the object recognition test. Rb1 (60 µmol/kg) and Rg1 (30, 60 µmol/kg) could significantly shorten the escape latency in the acquisition test of the MWM test in SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, Rb1 and Rg1 treatments effectively reduced the number of errors in the passive avoidance task in SAMP8 mice. Western blot experiments revealed that Rb1 showed higher effect than Rg1 in decreasing protein expression levels of ASC, caspase-1 and Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, while Rg1 was more effective than Rb1 in decreasing the protein levels of iNOS. In addition, although Rb1 and Rg1 treatments showed significant protective effects in repairing neuronal cells loss and inhibiting the activation of astrocyte and microglia in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, Rb1 was more effective than Rg1. These results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 could improve the cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and they have different mechanisms for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T06:05:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-670f61e604714078a660ed4590037a8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T06:05:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-670f61e604714078a660ed4590037a8c2022-12-21T19:13:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122020-06-011110.3389/fphar.2020.00834536831Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation MechanismYujie Yang0Shanshan Li1Hong Huang2Jingwei Lv3Shanguang Chen4Alberto Carlos Pires Dias5Yujiao Li6Xinmin Liu7Xinmin Liu8Qiong Wang9Qiong Wang10Qiong Wang11Affiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaAffiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaResearch Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaResearch Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, ChinaCentre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), SINO-PT Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalAffiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaAffiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaResearch Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaAffiliated TCM Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, ChinaInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, ChinaThis present study was designed to investigate the different effects of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on improving cognitive deficits in 4-month-old SAMP8 mice. Mice were divided into six groups, including the SAMP8 group, the SAMP8 + Donepezil (1.6 mg/kg) group, the SAMP8 + Rb1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg), and SAMP8 + Rg1 (30 and 60 µmol/kg) groups. SAMR1 mice of the same age were used as the control group. Ginsenosides and donepezil were administrated orally to animals for 8 weeks, then the learning and memory ability of mice were measured by using Morris water maze (MWM) test, object recognition test and passive avoidance experiments. The possible mechanisms were studied including the anti-glial inflammation of Rb1 and Rg1 using HE staining, immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments. Results revealed that Rb1 and Rg1 treatment significantly improved the discrimination index of SAMP8 mice in the object recognition test. Rb1 (60 µmol/kg) and Rg1 (30, 60 µmol/kg) could significantly shorten the escape latency in the acquisition test of the MWM test in SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, Rb1 and Rg1 treatments effectively reduced the number of errors in the passive avoidance task in SAMP8 mice. Western blot experiments revealed that Rb1 showed higher effect than Rg1 in decreasing protein expression levels of ASC, caspase-1 and Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, while Rg1 was more effective than Rb1 in decreasing the protein levels of iNOS. In addition, although Rb1 and Rg1 treatments showed significant protective effects in repairing neuronal cells loss and inhibiting the activation of astrocyte and microglia in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, Rb1 was more effective than Rg1. These results suggest that Rb1 and Rg1 could improve the cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice, and they have different mechanisms for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00834/fullginsenoside Rb1ginsenoside Rg1Alzheimer's diseaseSAMP8 miceneuroinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Yujie Yang Shanshan Li Hong Huang Jingwei Lv Shanguang Chen Alberto Carlos Pires Dias Yujiao Li Xinmin Liu Xinmin Liu Qiong Wang Qiong Wang Qiong Wang Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism Frontiers in Pharmacology ginsenoside Rb1 ginsenoside Rg1 Alzheimer's disease SAMP8 mice neuroinflammation |
| title | Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism |
| title_full | Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism |
| title_short | Comparison of the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on Improving Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice Based on Anti-Neuroinflammation Mechanism |
| title_sort | comparison of the protective effects of ginsenosides rb1 and rg1 on improving cognitive deficits in samp8 mice based on anti neuroinflammation mechanism |
| topic | ginsenoside Rb1 ginsenoside Rg1 Alzheimer's disease SAMP8 mice neuroinflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00834/full |
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