Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functio...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/full |
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author | Saba Miri JuDong Yeo Sarah Abubaker Riadh Hammami Riadh Hammami |
author_facet | Saba Miri JuDong Yeo Sarah Abubaker Riadh Hammami Riadh Hammami |
author_sort | Saba Miri |
collection | DOAJ |
description | The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders. |
first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:30:43Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-670f88b0de8e488ca0cf8c4b4dee04f0 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1664-302X |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:30:43Z |
publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | Article |
series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
spelling | doaj.art-670f88b0de8e488ca0cf8c4b4dee04f02023-01-17T04:49:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10984121098412Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?Saba Miri0JuDong Yeo1Sarah Abubaker2Riadh Hammami3Riadh Hammami4School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaThe concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/fullgut-brain axisgut microbiomemicrobial neurometabolitesneurotransmitterGABASCFAs |
spellingShingle | Saba Miri JuDong Yeo Sarah Abubaker Riadh Hammami Riadh Hammami Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? Frontiers in Microbiology gut-brain axis gut microbiome microbial neurometabolites neurotransmitter GABA SCFAs |
title | Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? |
title_full | Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? |
title_fullStr | Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? |
title_short | Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome? |
title_sort | neuromicrobiology an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome |
topic | gut-brain axis gut microbiome microbial neurometabolites neurotransmitter GABA SCFAs |
url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/full |
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