Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?

The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functio...

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Main Authors: Saba Miri, JuDong Yeo, Sarah Abubaker, Riadh Hammami
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/full
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author Saba Miri
JuDong Yeo
Sarah Abubaker
Riadh Hammami
Riadh Hammami
author_facet Saba Miri
JuDong Yeo
Sarah Abubaker
Riadh Hammami
Riadh Hammami
author_sort Saba Miri
collection DOAJ
description The concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.
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spelling doaj.art-670f88b0de8e488ca0cf8c4b4dee04f02023-01-17T04:49:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10984121098412Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?Saba Miri0JuDong Yeo1Sarah Abubaker2Riadh Hammami3Riadh Hammami4School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSchool of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaThe concept of the gut microbiome is emerging as a metabolic interactome influenced by diet, xenobiotics, genetics, and other environmental factors that affect the host’s absorption of nutrients, metabolism, and immune system. Beyond nutrient digestion and production, the gut microbiome also functions as personalized polypharmacy, where bioactive metabolites that our microbes excrete or conjugate may reach systemic circulation and impact all organs, including the brain. Appreciable evidence shows that gut microbiota produce diverse neuroactive metabolites, particularly neurotransmitters (and their precursors), stimulating the local nervous system (i.e., enteric and vagus nerves) and affecting brain function and cognition. Several studies have demonstrated correlations between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system sparking an exciting new research field, neuromicrobiology. Microbiome-targeted interventions are seen as promising adjunctive treatments (pre-, pro-, post-, and synbiotics), but the mechanisms underlying host-microbiome interactions have yet to be established, thus preventing informed evidence-based therapeutic applications. In this paper, we review the current state of knowledge for each of the major classes of microbial neuroactive metabolites, emphasizing their biological effects on the microbiome, gut environment, and brain. Also, we discuss the biosynthesis, absorption, and transport of gut microbiota-derived neuroactive metabolites to the brain and their implication in mental disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/fullgut-brain axisgut microbiomemicrobial neurometabolitesneurotransmitterGABASCFAs
spellingShingle Saba Miri
JuDong Yeo
Sarah Abubaker
Riadh Hammami
Riadh Hammami
Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
Frontiers in Microbiology
gut-brain axis
gut microbiome
microbial neurometabolites
neurotransmitter
GABA
SCFAs
title Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_full Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_fullStr Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_full_unstemmed Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_short Neuromicrobiology, an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome?
title_sort neuromicrobiology an emerging neurometabolic facet of the gut microbiome
topic gut-brain axis
gut microbiome
microbial neurometabolites
neurotransmitter
GABA
SCFAs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1098412/full
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AT judongyeo neuromicrobiologyanemergingneurometabolicfacetofthegutmicrobiome
AT sarahabubaker neuromicrobiologyanemergingneurometabolicfacetofthegutmicrobiome
AT riadhhammami neuromicrobiologyanemergingneurometabolicfacetofthegutmicrobiome
AT riadhhammami neuromicrobiologyanemergingneurometabolicfacetofthegutmicrobiome