Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion
In the current study, clove oil nanoemulsion (CL-nanoemulsion) and emulsion (CL-emulsion) were prepared through an ecofriendly method. The prepared CL-nanoemulsion and CL-emulsion were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), where results illu...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5812 |
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| author | Amr M. Shehabeldine Ahmed S. Doghish Walaa A. El-Dakroury Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada AbdElgawad Amr H. Hashem |
| author_facet | Amr M. Shehabeldine Ahmed S. Doghish Walaa A. El-Dakroury Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada AbdElgawad Amr H. Hashem |
| author_sort | Amr M. Shehabeldine |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current study, clove oil nanoemulsion (CL-nanoemulsion) and emulsion (CL-emulsion) were prepared through an ecofriendly method. The prepared CL-nanoemulsion and CL-emulsion were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), where results illustrated that CL-nanoemulsion droplets were approximately 32.67 nm in size and spherical in shape, while CL-nanoemulsion droplets were approximately 225.8 nm with a spherical shape. The antibacterial activity of CL-nanoemulsion and CL-emulsion was carried out using a microbroth dilution method. Results revealed that the preferred CL-nanoemulsion had minimal MIC values between 0.31 and 5 mg/mL. The antibiofilm efficacy of CL-nanoemulsion against <i>S. aureus</i> significantly decreased the development of biofilm compared with CL-emulsion. Furthermore, results illustrated that CL-nanoemulsion showed antifungal activity significantly higher than CL-emulsion. Moreover, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion exhibited outstanding antifungal efficiency toward <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, and <i>A. fumigatus</i> where MICs were 12.5, 3.12, 0.78, 1.56, and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion was analyzed for its antineoplastic effects through a modified MTT assay for evaluating apoptotic and cytotoxic effects using HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> values (3.4-fold) in CL-nanoemulsion relative to that of CL-emulsion. Thus, CL-nanoemulsion induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inducing caspase-8 and -9 activity and suppressing VEGFR-2. In conclusion, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion had antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm as well as anticancer properties, which can be used in different biomedical applications after extensive studies in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:32Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:20:32Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-67265da497264dfb8341f25fa0dbdd1f2023-11-18T23:19:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-08-012815581210.3390/molecules28155812Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil NanoemulsionAmr M. Shehabeldine0Ahmed S. Doghish1Walaa A. El-Dakroury2Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin3Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar4Hamada AbdElgawad5Amr H. Hashem6Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, EgyptDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, EgyptOrnamental, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Disease Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, EgyptDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2022 Antwerp, BelgiumBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, EgyptIn the current study, clove oil nanoemulsion (CL-nanoemulsion) and emulsion (CL-emulsion) were prepared through an ecofriendly method. The prepared CL-nanoemulsion and CL-emulsion were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), where results illustrated that CL-nanoemulsion droplets were approximately 32.67 nm in size and spherical in shape, while CL-nanoemulsion droplets were approximately 225.8 nm with a spherical shape. The antibacterial activity of CL-nanoemulsion and CL-emulsion was carried out using a microbroth dilution method. Results revealed that the preferred CL-nanoemulsion had minimal MIC values between 0.31 and 5 mg/mL. The antibiofilm efficacy of CL-nanoemulsion against <i>S. aureus</i> significantly decreased the development of biofilm compared with CL-emulsion. Furthermore, results illustrated that CL-nanoemulsion showed antifungal activity significantly higher than CL-emulsion. Moreover, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion exhibited outstanding antifungal efficiency toward <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>, <i>Aspergillus brasiliensis</i>, <i>A. flavus</i>, and <i>A. fumigatus</i> where MICs were 12.5, 3.12, 0.78, 1.56, and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion was analyzed for its antineoplastic effects through a modified MTT assay for evaluating apoptotic and cytotoxic effects using HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> values (3.4-fold) in CL-nanoemulsion relative to that of CL-emulsion. Thus, CL-nanoemulsion induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inducing caspase-8 and -9 activity and suppressing VEGFR-2. In conclusion, the prepared CL-nanoemulsion had antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm as well as anticancer properties, which can be used in different biomedical applications after extensive studies in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5812clove essential oilCLSMnanoemulsionantimicrobial activityantibiofilm activityanticancer activity |
| spellingShingle | Amr M. Shehabeldine Ahmed S. Doghish Walaa A. El-Dakroury Mahmoud M. H. Hassanin Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Hamada AbdElgawad Amr H. Hashem Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion Molecules clove essential oil CLSM nanoemulsion antimicrobial activity antibiofilm activity anticancer activity |
| title | Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion |
| title_full | Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion |
| title_short | Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Activities of <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> Essential Oil Nanoemulsion |
| title_sort | antimicrobial antibiofilm and anticancer activities of i syzygium aromaticum i essential oil nanoemulsion |
| topic | clove essential oil CLSM nanoemulsion antimicrobial activity antibiofilm activity anticancer activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5812 |
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