Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker
Multi-node leadless pacemaker system overcomes the main limitations related to lead complications of the conventional cardiac pacemaker and will thus replace them in the near future. The multiple nodes of the technology require the development of low-power, low data-rate and energy-efficient communi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2019-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8886577/ |
| _version_ | 1818447824246800384 |
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| author | Pritam Bose Ali Khaleghi Salman Mahmood Mohammad Albatat Jacob Bergsland Ilangko Balasingham |
| author_facet | Pritam Bose Ali Khaleghi Salman Mahmood Mohammad Albatat Jacob Bergsland Ilangko Balasingham |
| author_sort | Pritam Bose |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multi-node leadless pacemaker system overcomes the main limitations related to lead complications of the conventional cardiac pacemaker and will thus replace them in the near future. The multiple nodes of the technology require the development of low-power, low data-rate and energy-efficient communication framework for device synchronization and bi-directional communication between them. Moreover, the nodes need to communicate with the outer peripheral devices for data telemetry, control and remote monitoring. This paper focuses on evaluation of different energy-efficient modulation schemes at 433 MHz for bi-directional communication between the nodes using homogeneous liquid phantom model of human heart and living animal experiments. In this paper, we have analyzed three simple, low-budget modulation schemes - On Off-Keying (OOK), Frequency Shift-Keying (FSK), and Gaussian Frequency Shift-Keying (GFSK). The analysis is done based on the total transmitter power required to achieve a reliable communication indicated by the minimum threshold values of bit-error rate and packet-error rate. The experiments have been conducted for three common implant communication scenarios - in-body to in-body, in-body to on-body and in-body to off-body links. For conducting the experiments, we have designed the experimental setup with electronic components and fabricated antennas. The results have shown that GFSK has the best performance among the other modulation techniques based on the total transmitter power. We also investigated higher order of the same modulation schemes - 4-FSK and 4-GFSK. The results showed that GFSK performed much better than 4-FSK and 4-GFSK. This research will be carried forward to build the entire radio frequency communication framework for the multi-node pacemaker technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:09:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67328c02bca645babfb8d7f128735173 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T20:09:45Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-67328c02bca645babfb8d7f1287351732022-12-21T22:48:58ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362019-01-01715793315794510.1109/ACCESS.2019.29501468886577Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac PacemakerPritam Bose0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0511-3050Ali Khaleghi1Salman Mahmood2Mohammad Albatat3Jacob Bergsland4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-4064Ilangko Balasingham5Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayIntervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayFaculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, NorwayIntervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayIntervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayIntervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, NorwayMulti-node leadless pacemaker system overcomes the main limitations related to lead complications of the conventional cardiac pacemaker and will thus replace them in the near future. The multiple nodes of the technology require the development of low-power, low data-rate and energy-efficient communication framework for device synchronization and bi-directional communication between them. Moreover, the nodes need to communicate with the outer peripheral devices for data telemetry, control and remote monitoring. This paper focuses on evaluation of different energy-efficient modulation schemes at 433 MHz for bi-directional communication between the nodes using homogeneous liquid phantom model of human heart and living animal experiments. In this paper, we have analyzed three simple, low-budget modulation schemes - On Off-Keying (OOK), Frequency Shift-Keying (FSK), and Gaussian Frequency Shift-Keying (GFSK). The analysis is done based on the total transmitter power required to achieve a reliable communication indicated by the minimum threshold values of bit-error rate and packet-error rate. The experiments have been conducted for three common implant communication scenarios - in-body to in-body, in-body to on-body and in-body to off-body links. For conducting the experiments, we have designed the experimental setup with electronic components and fabricated antennas. The results have shown that GFSK has the best performance among the other modulation techniques based on the total transmitter power. We also investigated higher order of the same modulation schemes - 4-FSK and 4-GFSK. The results showed that GFSK performed much better than 4-FSK and 4-GFSK. This research will be carried forward to build the entire radio frequency communication framework for the multi-node pacemaker technology.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8886577/Implantspacemakerswireless communicationradio transceiversbody sensor networks |
| spellingShingle | Pritam Bose Ali Khaleghi Salman Mahmood Mohammad Albatat Jacob Bergsland Ilangko Balasingham Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker IEEE Access Implants pacemakers wireless communication radio transceivers body sensor networks |
| title | Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker |
| title_full | Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker |
| title_short | Evaluation of Data Telemetry for Future Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker |
| title_sort | evaluation of data telemetry for future leadless cardiac pacemaker |
| topic | Implants pacemakers wireless communication radio transceivers body sensor networks |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8886577/ |
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