Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat
In this study, three digital, site-specific, yield-mapping methods for winter wheat were examined, and their precision was evaluated. The crop yields of heterogeneous fields at three locations were determined on a site-specific basis using a yield-recording system composed of a combine harvester and...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1128 |
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| author | Matthias Stettmer Martin Mittermayer Franz-Xaver Maidl Jürgen Schwarzensteiner Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen Heinz Bernhardt |
| author_facet | Matthias Stettmer Martin Mittermayer Franz-Xaver Maidl Jürgen Schwarzensteiner Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen Heinz Bernhardt |
| author_sort | Matthias Stettmer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, three digital, site-specific, yield-mapping methods for winter wheat were examined, and their precision was evaluated. The crop yields of heterogeneous fields at three locations were determined on a site-specific basis using a yield-recording system composed of a combine harvester and algorithms based on reflection measurements made via satellites, as well as a tractor-mounted sensor. As a reference, the yield was determined with a plot harvester (ground truth data). The precision of the three methods was evaluated via statistical indicators (mean, median, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation) and correlation analyses between the yield of the ground truth data and the respective method. The results show a yield variation of 4.5–10.9 t ha<sup>−1</sup> in the trial fields. The yield of the plot harvester was strongly correlated with the yield estimate from the sensor data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71–0.75), it was moderately correlated with the yield estimate from the satellite data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.53–0.68), and it ranged from strongly to weakly correlated with the yield map of the combine harvester (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.30–0.72). The absolute yield can be estimated using sensor data. Slight deviations (<10%) in the absolute yield are observed with the combine harvester, and there are clear deviations (±48%) when using the satellite data. The study shows differences in the precision and accuracy of the investigated methods. Further research and optimization are urgently needed to determine the exactness of the individual methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6736f8fdbb8047f3b47e76ad73a6c77d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-6736f8fdbb8047f3b47e76ad73a6c77d2023-12-01T23:16:32ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722022-07-01128112810.3390/agriculture12081128Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter WheatMatthias Stettmer0Martin Mittermayer1Franz-Xaver Maidl2Jürgen Schwarzensteiner3Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen4Heinz Bernhardt5Agricultural Systems Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyOrganic Agriculture and Agronomy, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyOrganic Agriculture and Agronomy, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyFarmtastic Consulting GmbH, 94342 Irlbach, GermanyOrganic Agriculture and Agronomy, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyAgricultural Systems Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, GermanyIn this study, three digital, site-specific, yield-mapping methods for winter wheat were examined, and their precision was evaluated. The crop yields of heterogeneous fields at three locations were determined on a site-specific basis using a yield-recording system composed of a combine harvester and algorithms based on reflection measurements made via satellites, as well as a tractor-mounted sensor. As a reference, the yield was determined with a plot harvester (ground truth data). The precision of the three methods was evaluated via statistical indicators (mean, median, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation) and correlation analyses between the yield of the ground truth data and the respective method. The results show a yield variation of 4.5–10.9 t ha<sup>−1</sup> in the trial fields. The yield of the plot harvester was strongly correlated with the yield estimate from the sensor data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71–0.75), it was moderately correlated with the yield estimate from the satellite data (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.53–0.68), and it ranged from strongly to weakly correlated with the yield map of the combine harvester (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.30–0.72). The absolute yield can be estimated using sensor data. Slight deviations (<10%) in the absolute yield are observed with the combine harvester, and there are clear deviations (±48%) when using the satellite data. The study shows differences in the precision and accuracy of the investigated methods. Further research and optimization are urgently needed to determine the exactness of the individual methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1128management zonesyield variabilitysite-specific farmingwinter wheatsensor dataremote sensing |
| spellingShingle | Matthias Stettmer Martin Mittermayer Franz-Xaver Maidl Jürgen Schwarzensteiner Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen Heinz Bernhardt Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat Agriculture management zones yield variability site-specific farming winter wheat sensor data remote sensing |
| title | Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat |
| title_full | Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat |
| title_short | Three Methods of Site-Specific Yield Mapping as a Data Source for the Delineation of Management Zones in Winter Wheat |
| title_sort | three methods of site specific yield mapping as a data source for the delineation of management zones in winter wheat |
| topic | management zones yield variability site-specific farming winter wheat sensor data remote sensing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/8/1128 |
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