| Summary: | <i>Clamydophila psittaci</i> (<i>C. psittaci</i>) has been proposed to be an etiologic factor in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) in the ocular adnexa. However, the pathogenetical significance of the infection has not been fully elucidated. Many previous studies have shown controversial results regarding <i>C.</i> <i>psittaci</i> detection rates in said patients, ranging from 0 to 87%. We investigated the presence of <i>C. psittaci</i> in a single institutional cohort (<i>n</i> = 150) of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma (OAML) patients in Korea. We tried to exclude the methodological biases derived from the different primer sets in polymerase chain reaction-based studies. For that reason, we applied five sets of primers, including four previously reported and one newly designed primer set. There was no case of <i>C. psittaci</i>-positive OAML in repeated trials validated with appropriate positive and negative controls. All 150 cases showed negative results with five primer sets. These results suggest that the pathogenetic role of <i>C. psittaci</i> in ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma might have been overestimated to date, at least in the Korean population. Therefore, the molecular diagnosis of <i>C. psittaci</i> is considered a very low priority.
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