Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media
A new biosorbent obtained from <i>Calabrese</i> broccoli stalks has been prepared, characterised and used as an effective, low-cost and ecofriendly biomass to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, without any complicated pretreatment. Structural and morphological characterisation were pe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/554 |
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| author | María Dolores Granado-Castro María Dolores Galindo-Riaño Jesús Gestoso-Rojas Lorena Sánchez-Ponce María José Casanueva-Marenco Margarita Díaz-de-Alba |
| author_facet | María Dolores Granado-Castro María Dolores Galindo-Riaño Jesús Gestoso-Rojas Lorena Sánchez-Ponce María José Casanueva-Marenco Margarita Díaz-de-Alba |
| author_sort | María Dolores Granado-Castro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A new biosorbent obtained from <i>Calabrese</i> broccoli stalks has been prepared, characterised and used as an effective, low-cost and ecofriendly biomass to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, without any complicated pretreatment. Structural and morphological characterisation were performed by TGA/DGT, FTIR and SEM/EDX; the main components are hemicellulose, starches, pectin, cellulose, lignin and phytochemicals, with important electron donor elements (such as S from glucosinolates of broccoli) involved in Pb(II) sorption. The biosorbent showed values of 0.52 and 0.65 g mL<sup>−1</sup> for bulk and apparent densities, 20.6% porosity, a specific surface area of 15.3 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, pH<sub>pzc</sub> 6.25, iodine capacity of 619 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and a cation exchange capacity of 30.7 cmol kg<sup>−1</sup>. Very good sorption (88.3 ± 0.8%) occurred at pH 4.8 with a biomass dose of 10 g L<sup>−1</sup> after 8 h. The Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models explained with good fits the favourable Pb(II) sorption on the heterogeneous surface of broccoli biomass. The maximum adsorption capacity was 586.7 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Pb(II) biosorption. The chemical mechanisms mainly involved complexation, ligand exchange and cation–π interaction, with possible precipitation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67575d74cd0d420fbeb043d7a5b993e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:48Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-67575d74cd0d420fbeb043d7a5b993e12024-03-27T13:16:52ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-03-0114355410.3390/agronomy14030554Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous MediaMaría Dolores Granado-Castro0María Dolores Galindo-Riaño1Jesús Gestoso-Rojas2Lorena Sánchez-Ponce3María José Casanueva-Marenco4Margarita Díaz-de-Alba5Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), Faculty of Sciences, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEI-MAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, SpainA new biosorbent obtained from <i>Calabrese</i> broccoli stalks has been prepared, characterised and used as an effective, low-cost and ecofriendly biomass to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solutions, without any complicated pretreatment. Structural and morphological characterisation were performed by TGA/DGT, FTIR and SEM/EDX; the main components are hemicellulose, starches, pectin, cellulose, lignin and phytochemicals, with important electron donor elements (such as S from glucosinolates of broccoli) involved in Pb(II) sorption. The biosorbent showed values of 0.52 and 0.65 g mL<sup>−1</sup> for bulk and apparent densities, 20.6% porosity, a specific surface area of 15.3 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, pH<sub>pzc</sub> 6.25, iodine capacity of 619 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and a cation exchange capacity of 30.7 cmol kg<sup>−1</sup>. Very good sorption (88.3 ± 0.8%) occurred at pH 4.8 with a biomass dose of 10 g L<sup>−1</sup> after 8 h. The Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models explained with good fits the favourable Pb(II) sorption on the heterogeneous surface of broccoli biomass. The maximum adsorption capacity was 586.7 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated showed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of the Pb(II) biosorption. The chemical mechanisms mainly involved complexation, ligand exchange and cation–π interaction, with possible precipitation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/554leadbroccoli stalkreuse of agricultural wastebiosorptiongreensustainability |
| spellingShingle | María Dolores Granado-Castro María Dolores Galindo-Riaño Jesús Gestoso-Rojas Lorena Sánchez-Ponce María José Casanueva-Marenco Margarita Díaz-de-Alba Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media Agronomy lead broccoli stalk reuse of agricultural waste biosorption green sustainability |
| title | Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_full | Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_fullStr | Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_short | Ecofriendly Application of <i>Calabrese</i> Broccoli Stalk Waste as a Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_sort | ecofriendly application of i calabrese i broccoli stalk waste as a biosorbent for the removal of pb ii ions from aqueous media |
| topic | lead broccoli stalk reuse of agricultural waste biosorption green sustainability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/554 |
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