Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production
This study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH<sup>−</sup> reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting anti...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3918 |
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| author | Eduardo Díaz Gutiérrez José Antonio Maldonado Calvo José María Gallardo Fuentes Antonio Paúl Escolano |
| author_facet | Eduardo Díaz Gutiérrez José Antonio Maldonado Calvo José María Gallardo Fuentes Antonio Paúl Escolano |
| author_sort | Eduardo Díaz Gutiérrez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH<sup>−</sup> reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting antimony. The results show that NH<sub>4</sub>OH and NaOH are more effective compared to water, with optimal conditions at pH 0.5 for water and pH 1 for NH<sub>4</sub>OH and NaOH, resulting in average antimony extraction yields of 90.4%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively. Furthermore, this approach helps to improve both crystallography and purity related to recovered antimony samples obtained through recycling processes. The solid precipitates obtained lack a crystalline structure, making it difficult to identify the compounds formed, but element concentrations suggest the presence of oxychloride or oxide compounds. Arsenic is incorporated into all solids, affecting the purity of the product, and water showing higher antimony content (68.38%) and lower arsenic values (8%) compared to NaOH and NH<sub>4</sub>OH. Bismuth integration into solids is less than arsenic (less than 2%) and remains unaffected by pH levels except in tests with water, where a bismuth hydrolysis product is identified at pH 1, accounting for the observed reduction in antimony extraction yields. |
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| id | doaj.art-676147b0652e41de90d30cf4c8553136 |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:03:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-676147b0652e41de90d30cf4c85531362023-11-18T08:07:49ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-05-011611391810.3390/ma16113918Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper ProductionEduardo Díaz Gutiérrez0José Antonio Maldonado Calvo1José María Gallardo Fuentes2Antonio Paúl Escolano3Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África 7, 41011 Seville, SpainAtlantic Copper, S.L.U., Francisco Montenegro Avenue, 21001 Huelva, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África 7, 41011 Seville, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África 7, 41011 Seville, SpainThis study examined how pH hydrolysis affects the recovery process for antimony extracted from spent electrolytes. Various OH<sup>−</sup> reagents were used to adjust the pH levels. The findings reveal that pH plays a crucial role in determining the optimal conditions for extracting antimony. The results show that NH<sub>4</sub>OH and NaOH are more effective compared to water, with optimal conditions at pH 0.5 for water and pH 1 for NH<sub>4</sub>OH and NaOH, resulting in average antimony extraction yields of 90.4%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively. Furthermore, this approach helps to improve both crystallography and purity related to recovered antimony samples obtained through recycling processes. The solid precipitates obtained lack a crystalline structure, making it difficult to identify the compounds formed, but element concentrations suggest the presence of oxychloride or oxide compounds. Arsenic is incorporated into all solids, affecting the purity of the product, and water showing higher antimony content (68.38%) and lower arsenic values (8%) compared to NaOH and NH<sub>4</sub>OH. Bismuth integration into solids is less than arsenic (less than 2%) and remains unaffected by pH levels except in tests with water, where a bismuth hydrolysis product is identified at pH 1, accounting for the observed reduction in antimony extraction yields.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3918antimony metallurgyantimony oxychloridehydrolysiscopper electrorefining |
| spellingShingle | Eduardo Díaz Gutiérrez José Antonio Maldonado Calvo José María Gallardo Fuentes Antonio Paúl Escolano Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production Materials antimony metallurgy antimony oxychloride hydrolysis copper electrorefining |
| title | Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production |
| title_full | Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production |
| title_fullStr | Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production |
| title_short | Effect of pH Hydrolysis on the Recovery of Antimony from Spent Electrolytes from Copper Production |
| title_sort | effect of ph hydrolysis on the recovery of antimony from spent electrolytes from copper production |
| topic | antimony metallurgy antimony oxychloride hydrolysis copper electrorefining |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/11/3918 |
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