Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses
Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning PR-1 family members in Qingke plants (Hordeu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021060 |
| _version_ | 1797837026537504768 |
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| author | Wei Yin Yuhai Bai Shuai Wang Kai Xu Jian Liang Qianhan Shang Wei Sa Le Wang |
| author_facet | Wei Yin Yuhai Bai Shuai Wang Kai Xu Jian Liang Qianhan Shang Wei Sa Le Wang |
| author_sort | Wei Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning PR-1 family members in Qingke plants (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). In this work, we distinguished 20 PR-1s from the Qingke genome whose encoded proteins often featured at the N-terminus a signal peptide; all 20 PR-1s were predicted to localize either periplasmically or extracellularly. The CAP domain was confirmed as being highly conserved in all these PR-1s. Phylogeny-based inference revealed that PR-1 proteins clustered into four major clades, with the majority of Qingke PR-1s distributed in clade I (17 out 20), and the other 3 distributed in clade II. Gene structure analysis showed that 16 PR-1s did not contain any introns, whereas the other four had 1–4 introns. We identified a variety of motifs that are cis-acting in the promoter regions of PR-1s; these included those potentially involved in Qingke's light response, hormonal and stress responses, circadian control and regulation of development and growth, in addition to sites where transcription factors bind to. Expression analysis uncovered several members of PR-1 genes that were strongly and rapidly induced by powdery mildew infection, phytohormones, and cold stimulus. Altogether, our study's findings enhance what is known about genetic features of PR-1 family members in H. vulgare plants, especially Qingke, and could thereby facilitate further exploration aiming to elucidate the functioning of these proteins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:19:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6768340f7de744a29a43c272606ac32f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:19:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-6768340f7de744a29a43c272606ac32f2023-04-29T14:51:32ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-04-0194e14899Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responsesWei Yin0Yuhai Bai1Shuai Wang2Kai Xu3Jian Liang4Qianhan Shang5Wei Sa6Le Wang7State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China; Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China; College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xi'ning 810016, Qinghai, China; Corresponding author.Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning PR-1 family members in Qingke plants (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). In this work, we distinguished 20 PR-1s from the Qingke genome whose encoded proteins often featured at the N-terminus a signal peptide; all 20 PR-1s were predicted to localize either periplasmically or extracellularly. The CAP domain was confirmed as being highly conserved in all these PR-1s. Phylogeny-based inference revealed that PR-1 proteins clustered into four major clades, with the majority of Qingke PR-1s distributed in clade I (17 out 20), and the other 3 distributed in clade II. Gene structure analysis showed that 16 PR-1s did not contain any introns, whereas the other four had 1–4 introns. We identified a variety of motifs that are cis-acting in the promoter regions of PR-1s; these included those potentially involved in Qingke's light response, hormonal and stress responses, circadian control and regulation of development and growth, in addition to sites where transcription factors bind to. Expression analysis uncovered several members of PR-1 genes that were strongly and rapidly induced by powdery mildew infection, phytohormones, and cold stimulus. Altogether, our study's findings enhance what is known about genetic features of PR-1 family members in H. vulgare plants, especially Qingke, and could thereby facilitate further exploration aiming to elucidate the functioning of these proteins.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021060Tibetan hulless barleyPlant immunityPR-1 family geneExpression profile |
| spellingShingle | Wei Yin Yuhai Bai Shuai Wang Kai Xu Jian Liang Qianhan Shang Wei Sa Le Wang Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses Heliyon Tibetan hulless barley Plant immunity PR-1 family gene Expression profile |
| title | Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses |
| title_full | Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses |
| title_fullStr | Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses |
| title_short | Genome-wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR-1) genes from Qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) reveals their roles in stress responses |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of pathogenesis related protein 1 pr 1 genes from qingke hordeum vulgare l var nudum reveals their roles in stress responses |
| topic | Tibetan hulless barley Plant immunity PR-1 family gene Expression profile |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023021060 |
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