A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia
Objective: We have developed a peak detection algorithm for accurate determination of heart rate, using photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals from a smartwatch, even in the presence of various cardiac rhythms, including normal sinus rhythm (NSR), premature atrial contraction (PAC), premature ventricle...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/2/82 |
| _version_ | 1797482205576953856 |
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| author | Dong Han Syed Khairul Bashar Jesús Lázaro Fahimeh Mohagheghian Andrew Peitzsch Nishat Nishita Eric Ding Emily L. Dickson Danielle DiMezza Jessica Scott Cody Whitcomb Timothy P. Fitzgibbons David D. McManus Ki H. Chon |
| author_facet | Dong Han Syed Khairul Bashar Jesús Lázaro Fahimeh Mohagheghian Andrew Peitzsch Nishat Nishita Eric Ding Emily L. Dickson Danielle DiMezza Jessica Scott Cody Whitcomb Timothy P. Fitzgibbons David D. McManus Ki H. Chon |
| author_sort | Dong Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: We have developed a peak detection algorithm for accurate determination of heart rate, using photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals from a smartwatch, even in the presence of various cardiac rhythms, including normal sinus rhythm (NSR), premature atrial contraction (PAC), premature ventricle contraction (PVC), and atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the clinical need for accurate heart rate estimation in patients with AF, we developed a novel approach that reduces heart rate estimation errors when compared to peak detection algorithms designed for NSR. Methods: Our peak detection method is composed of a sequential series of algorithms that are combined to discriminate the various arrhythmias described above. Moreover, a novel Poincaré plot scheme is used to discriminate between basal heart rate AF and rapid ventricular response (RVR) AF, and to differentiate PAC/PVC from NSR and AF. Training of the algorithm was performed only with Samsung Simband smartwatch data, whereas independent testing data which had more samples than did the training data were obtained from Samsung’s Gear S3 and Galaxy Watch 3. Results: The new PPG peak detection algorithm provides significantly lower average heart rate and interbeat interval beat-to-beat estimation errors—30% and 66% lower—and mean heart rate and mean interbeat interval estimation errors—60% and 77% lower—when compared to the best of the seven other traditional peak detection algorithms that are known to be accurate for NSR. Our new PPG peak detection algorithm was the overall best performers for other arrhythmias. Conclusion: The proposed method for PPG peak detection automatically detects and discriminates between various arrhythmias among different waveforms of PPG data, delivers significantly lower heart rate estimation errors for participants with AF, and reduces the number of false negative peaks. Significance: By enabling accurate determination of heart rate despite the presence of AF with rapid ventricular response or PAC/PVCs, we enable clinicians to make more accurate recommendations for heart rate control from PPG data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-676bfcbcbe30403688b56371df7747b5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:28:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-676bfcbcbe30403688b56371df7747b52023-11-23T19:01:00ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742022-01-011228210.3390/bios12020082A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac ArrhythmiaDong Han0Syed Khairul Bashar1Jesús Lázaro2Fahimeh Mohagheghian3Andrew Peitzsch4Nishat Nishita5Eric Ding6Emily L. Dickson7Danielle DiMezza8Jessica Scott9Cody Whitcomb10Timothy P. Fitzgibbons11David D. McManus12Ki H. Chon13Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USABSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragon, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USADepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USACollege of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USASchool of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USAObjective: We have developed a peak detection algorithm for accurate determination of heart rate, using photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals from a smartwatch, even in the presence of various cardiac rhythms, including normal sinus rhythm (NSR), premature atrial contraction (PAC), premature ventricle contraction (PVC), and atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the clinical need for accurate heart rate estimation in patients with AF, we developed a novel approach that reduces heart rate estimation errors when compared to peak detection algorithms designed for NSR. Methods: Our peak detection method is composed of a sequential series of algorithms that are combined to discriminate the various arrhythmias described above. Moreover, a novel Poincaré plot scheme is used to discriminate between basal heart rate AF and rapid ventricular response (RVR) AF, and to differentiate PAC/PVC from NSR and AF. Training of the algorithm was performed only with Samsung Simband smartwatch data, whereas independent testing data which had more samples than did the training data were obtained from Samsung’s Gear S3 and Galaxy Watch 3. Results: The new PPG peak detection algorithm provides significantly lower average heart rate and interbeat interval beat-to-beat estimation errors—30% and 66% lower—and mean heart rate and mean interbeat interval estimation errors—60% and 77% lower—when compared to the best of the seven other traditional peak detection algorithms that are known to be accurate for NSR. Our new PPG peak detection algorithm was the overall best performers for other arrhythmias. Conclusion: The proposed method for PPG peak detection automatically detects and discriminates between various arrhythmias among different waveforms of PPG data, delivers significantly lower heart rate estimation errors for participants with AF, and reduces the number of false negative peaks. Significance: By enabling accurate determination of heart rate despite the presence of AF with rapid ventricular response or PAC/PVCs, we enable clinicians to make more accurate recommendations for heart rate control from PPG data.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/2/82adaptive thresholdingatrial fibrillationatrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular responsepeak detectionpeak correctionphotoplethysmograph |
| spellingShingle | Dong Han Syed Khairul Bashar Jesús Lázaro Fahimeh Mohagheghian Andrew Peitzsch Nishat Nishita Eric Ding Emily L. Dickson Danielle DiMezza Jessica Scott Cody Whitcomb Timothy P. Fitzgibbons David D. McManus Ki H. Chon A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia Biosensors adaptive thresholding atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response peak detection peak correction photoplethysmograph |
| title | A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| title_full | A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| title_fullStr | A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| title_short | A Real-Time PPG Peak Detection Method for Accurate Determination of Heart Rate during Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| title_sort | real time ppg peak detection method for accurate determination of heart rate during sinus rhythm and cardiac arrhythmia |
| topic | adaptive thresholding atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response peak detection peak correction photoplethysmograph |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/12/2/82 |
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