To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question
To cope with nutrient scarcity, plants generally follow two main complementary strategies. On the one hand, they can slow down growing, mainly shoot growth, to diminish the demand of nutrients. We can call this strategy as “stop growing.” On the other hand, plants can develop different physiological...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.968665/full |
| _version_ | 1828321121316896768 |
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| author | María José García Macarena Angulo Carlos Lucena Rafael Pérez-Vicente Francisco Javier Romera |
| author_facet | María José García Macarena Angulo Carlos Lucena Rafael Pérez-Vicente Francisco Javier Romera |
| author_sort | María José García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To cope with nutrient scarcity, plants generally follow two main complementary strategies. On the one hand, they can slow down growing, mainly shoot growth, to diminish the demand of nutrients. We can call this strategy as “stop growing.” On the other hand, plants can develop different physiological and morphological responses, mainly in their roots, aimed to facilitate the acquisition of nutrients. We can call this second strategy as “searching for nutrients.” Both strategies are compatible and can function simultaneously but the interconnection between them is not yet well-known. In relation to the “stop growing” strategy, it is known that the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) system is a central regulator of growth in response to nutrients in eukaryotic cells. TOR is a protein complex with kinase activity that promotes protein synthesis and growth while some SnRK (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-Related protein Kinases) and GCN (General Control Non-derepressible) kinases act antagonistically. It is also known that some SnRKs and GCNs are activated by nutrient deficiencies while TOR is active under nutrient sufficiency. In relation to the “searching for nutrients” strategy, it is known that the plant hormone ethylene participates in the activation of many nutrient deficiency responses. In this Mini Review, we discuss the possible role of ethylene as the hub connecting the “stop growing” strategy and the “searching for nutrients” strategy since very recent results also suggest a clear relationship of ethylene with the TOR system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:21:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-676e8303ad7f4d1fba67510ce5fdbbd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:21:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-676e8303ad7f4d1fba67510ce5fdbbd02022-12-22T02:35:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-08-011310.3389/fpls.2022.968665968665To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the questionMaría José García0Macarena Angulo1Carlos Lucena2Rafael Pérez-Vicente3Francisco Javier Romera4Department of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainDepartment of Agronomy, (DAUCO-María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence), Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, SpainTo cope with nutrient scarcity, plants generally follow two main complementary strategies. On the one hand, they can slow down growing, mainly shoot growth, to diminish the demand of nutrients. We can call this strategy as “stop growing.” On the other hand, plants can develop different physiological and morphological responses, mainly in their roots, aimed to facilitate the acquisition of nutrients. We can call this second strategy as “searching for nutrients.” Both strategies are compatible and can function simultaneously but the interconnection between them is not yet well-known. In relation to the “stop growing” strategy, it is known that the TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) system is a central regulator of growth in response to nutrients in eukaryotic cells. TOR is a protein complex with kinase activity that promotes protein synthesis and growth while some SnRK (Sucrose non-fermenting 1-Related protein Kinases) and GCN (General Control Non-derepressible) kinases act antagonistically. It is also known that some SnRKs and GCNs are activated by nutrient deficiencies while TOR is active under nutrient sufficiency. In relation to the “searching for nutrients” strategy, it is known that the plant hormone ethylene participates in the activation of many nutrient deficiency responses. In this Mini Review, we discuss the possible role of ethylene as the hub connecting the “stop growing” strategy and the “searching for nutrients” strategy since very recent results also suggest a clear relationship of ethylene with the TOR system.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.968665/fullethylenenutrient deficiency responsesnutrient scarcityplant growthtarget of rapamycin (TOR) |
| spellingShingle | María José García Macarena Angulo Carlos Lucena Rafael Pérez-Vicente Francisco Javier Romera To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question Frontiers in Plant Science ethylene nutrient deficiency responses nutrient scarcity plant growth target of rapamycin (TOR) |
| title | To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question |
| title_full | To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question |
| title_fullStr | To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question |
| title_full_unstemmed | To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question |
| title_short | To grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity: Target of rapamycin-ethylene is the question |
| title_sort | to grow or not to grow under nutrient scarcity target of rapamycin ethylene is the question |
| topic | ethylene nutrient deficiency responses nutrient scarcity plant growth target of rapamycin (TOR) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.968665/full |
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