Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching
Massive MIMO networks are a promising technology for achieving ultra-high capacity and meeting future wireless service demand. Massive MIMO networks, on the other hand, consume intensive energy. As a result, energy-efficient operation of massive MMO networks became a requirement rather than a luxury...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/520 |
| _version_ | 1797339412066992128 |
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| author | Aida Al-Samawi Liyth Nissirat |
| author_facet | Aida Al-Samawi Liyth Nissirat |
| author_sort | Aida Al-Samawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Massive MIMO networks are a promising technology for achieving ultra-high capacity and meeting future wireless service demand. Massive MIMO networks, on the other hand, consume intensive energy. As a result, energy-efficient operation of massive MMO networks became a requirement rather than a luxury. Many NP-hard concavity search algorithms for optimal base station switching on-off scheme have been developed. This paper demonstrates the formulation of massive MIMO networks energy efficiency as a constrained variational problem. Our proposed method solution’s uniqueness and boundedness are demonstrated and proven. The developed system is a total energy optimization problem formulation. Furthermore, the order in which the base stations are switched on and off is specified for minimal handover overhead signaling and fair user capacity sharing. Results showed that variational optimization yielded optimal base station switching on and off with considerable energy saving achieved and maintaining the user capacity demand. Moreover, the proposed base station selection criteria provided suboptimal handover overhead signaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:46:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-677949130f8e4887a38469da97f6b14d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:46:36Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-677949130f8e4887a38469da97f6b14d2024-01-29T14:15:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-01-0124252010.3390/s24020520Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station SwitchingAida Al-Samawi0Liyth Nissirat1Department of Computer Networks, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Networks, College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaMassive MIMO networks are a promising technology for achieving ultra-high capacity and meeting future wireless service demand. Massive MIMO networks, on the other hand, consume intensive energy. As a result, energy-efficient operation of massive MMO networks became a requirement rather than a luxury. Many NP-hard concavity search algorithms for optimal base station switching on-off scheme have been developed. This paper demonstrates the formulation of massive MIMO networks energy efficiency as a constrained variational problem. Our proposed method solution’s uniqueness and boundedness are demonstrated and proven. The developed system is a total energy optimization problem formulation. Furthermore, the order in which the base stations are switched on and off is specified for minimal handover overhead signaling and fair user capacity sharing. Results showed that variational optimization yielded optimal base station switching on and off with considerable energy saving achieved and maintaining the user capacity demand. Moreover, the proposed base station selection criteria provided suboptimal handover overhead signaling.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/520sustainable networkinggreen communicationsmassive MMO |
| spellingShingle | Aida Al-Samawi Liyth Nissirat Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching Sensors sustainable networking green communications massive MMO |
| title | Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching |
| title_full | Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching |
| title_fullStr | Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching |
| title_short | Variational Optimization for Sustainable Massive MIMO Base Station Switching |
| title_sort | variational optimization for sustainable massive mimo base station switching |
| topic | sustainable networking green communications massive MMO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/520 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aidaalsamawi variationaloptimizationforsustainablemassivemimobasestationswitching AT liythnissirat variationaloptimizationforsustainablemassivemimobasestationswitching |