Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey
Abstract Applying an integrated methodology, including petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure, laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray computed tomography, on continental spring carbonate reservoir analogue samples is a prerequisite to understand plug scale porosity and permeabili...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-02-01
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| Series: | The Depositional Record |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.135 |
| _version_ | 1818897733250973696 |
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| author | Jeroen Soete Steven Claes Hannes Claes Marcelle M. Erthal Helen Hamaekers Eva De Boever Anneleen Foubert Norbert Klitzsch Rudy Swennen |
| author_facet | Jeroen Soete Steven Claes Hannes Claes Marcelle M. Erthal Helen Hamaekers Eva De Boever Anneleen Foubert Norbert Klitzsch Rudy Swennen |
| author_sort | Jeroen Soete |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Applying an integrated methodology, including petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure, laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray computed tomography, on continental spring carbonate reservoir analogue samples is a prerequisite to understand plug scale porosity and permeability heterogeneities. Depending on the dominant pore type in a sample, the orientation and distribution of the pores, pore network connectivity varies from poor to excellent in these continental spring carbonates. The latter exhibit large‐scale ranges for both porosity (3%–25%) and permeability (0.004–3,675 mD). Facies classification alone proved insufficient to link porosity and permeability, due to intrafacies pore network variability. Better assessment of reservoir properties can be achieved by subdividing facies into lithotype and pore type classes. Obtained pore network data addresses the pore types, pore (throat) sizes, number of pore compartments, and allow a subdivision of the pore size distributions into unimodal, bimodal and atypical types. There is no micropore compartment present in samples with unimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions. Decoupled micropore compartments are observed in samples with bimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions, which show isolating calcite rims, and have limited permeabilities. The cement rims decrease the macropore connectivity and decouple the micropore compartments, which reside in micritic dendrites. The micropore compartment (r < 1 µm) is coupled with the mesopore (r = 1–15 µm) and macropore compartment (r > 15 µm) for atypical samples which lack pore‐lining calcite rims. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:20:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67798a63a2404cf08e4d28b01289881a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2055-4877 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T19:20:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Depositional Record |
| spelling | doaj.art-67798a63a2404cf08e4d28b01289881a2022-12-21T20:09:00ZengWileyThe Depositional Record2055-48772022-02-018129231610.1002/dep2.135Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW TurkeyJeroen Soete0Steven Claes1Hannes Claes2Marcelle M. Erthal3Helen Hamaekers4Eva De Boever5Anneleen Foubert6Norbert Klitzsch7Rudy Swennen8Materials Engineering KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumEarth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumEarth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumEarth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumEarth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumGeological Survey of the Netherlands – Part of TNO Utrecht The NetherlandsGeosciences Université de Fribourg Fribourg SwitzerlandApplied Geophysics, E.ON ERC RWTH Aachen Aachen GermanyEarth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Heverlee BelgiumAbstract Applying an integrated methodology, including petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure, laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray computed tomography, on continental spring carbonate reservoir analogue samples is a prerequisite to understand plug scale porosity and permeability heterogeneities. Depending on the dominant pore type in a sample, the orientation and distribution of the pores, pore network connectivity varies from poor to excellent in these continental spring carbonates. The latter exhibit large‐scale ranges for both porosity (3%–25%) and permeability (0.004–3,675 mD). Facies classification alone proved insufficient to link porosity and permeability, due to intrafacies pore network variability. Better assessment of reservoir properties can be achieved by subdividing facies into lithotype and pore type classes. Obtained pore network data addresses the pore types, pore (throat) sizes, number of pore compartments, and allow a subdivision of the pore size distributions into unimodal, bimodal and atypical types. There is no micropore compartment present in samples with unimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions. Decoupled micropore compartments are observed in samples with bimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions, which show isolating calcite rims, and have limited permeabilities. The cement rims decrease the macropore connectivity and decouple the micropore compartments, which reside in micritic dendrites. The micropore compartment (r < 1 µm) is coupled with the mesopore (r = 1–15 µm) and macropore compartment (r > 15 µm) for atypical samples which lack pore‐lining calcite rims.https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.135continental spring carbonatesMICPNMRpermeabilitypore typesporosity |
| spellingShingle | Jeroen Soete Steven Claes Hannes Claes Marcelle M. Erthal Helen Hamaekers Eva De Boever Anneleen Foubert Norbert Klitzsch Rudy Swennen Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey The Depositional Record continental spring carbonates MICP NMR permeability pore types porosity |
| title | Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey |
| title_full | Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey |
| title_fullStr | Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey |
| title_short | Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey |
| title_sort | unravelling the pore network and its behaviour an integrated nmr micp xct and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the ballik area sw turkey |
| topic | continental spring carbonates MICP NMR permeability pore types porosity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dep2.135 |
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