Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses
The number of documented American orthohantaviruses has increased significantly over recent decades, but most fundamental research has remained focused on just two of them: Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV). The majority of American orthohantaviruses are known to cause disease in humans,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/5/325 |
| _version_ | 1827717941383135232 |
|---|---|
| author | Nathaniel Mull Reilly Jackson Tarja Sironen Kristian M. Forbes |
| author_facet | Nathaniel Mull Reilly Jackson Tarja Sironen Kristian M. Forbes |
| author_sort | Nathaniel Mull |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number of documented American orthohantaviruses has increased significantly over recent decades, but most fundamental research has remained focused on just two of them: Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV). The majority of American orthohantaviruses are known to cause disease in humans, and most of these pathogenic strains were not described prior to human cases, indicating the importance of understanding all members of the virus clade. In this review, we summarize information on the ecology of under-studied rodent-borne American orthohantaviruses to form general conclusions and highlight important gaps in knowledge. Information regarding the presence and genetic diversity of many orthohantaviruses throughout the distributional range of their hosts is minimal and would significantly benefit from virus isolations to indicate a reservoir role. Additionally, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying transmission routes and factors affecting the environmental persistence of orthohantaviruses, limiting our understanding of factors driving prevalence fluctuations. As landscapes continue to change, host ranges and human exposure to orthohantaviruses likely will as well. Research on the ecology of neglected orthohantaviruses is necessary for understanding both current and future threats to human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:12:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6782842dbb2b413c8020cba9db7c03e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:12:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-6782842dbb2b413c8020cba9db7c03e32023-11-19T22:47:35ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-04-019532510.3390/pathogens9050325Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American OrthohantavirusesNathaniel Mull0Reilly Jackson1Tarja Sironen2Kristian M. Forbes3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAThe number of documented American orthohantaviruses has increased significantly over recent decades, but most fundamental research has remained focused on just two of them: Andes virus (ANDV) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV). The majority of American orthohantaviruses are known to cause disease in humans, and most of these pathogenic strains were not described prior to human cases, indicating the importance of understanding all members of the virus clade. In this review, we summarize information on the ecology of under-studied rodent-borne American orthohantaviruses to form general conclusions and highlight important gaps in knowledge. Information regarding the presence and genetic diversity of many orthohantaviruses throughout the distributional range of their hosts is minimal and would significantly benefit from virus isolations to indicate a reservoir role. Additionally, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying transmission routes and factors affecting the environmental persistence of orthohantaviruses, limiting our understanding of factors driving prevalence fluctuations. As landscapes continue to change, host ranges and human exposure to orthohantaviruses likely will as well. Research on the ecology of neglected orthohantaviruses is necessary for understanding both current and future threats to human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/5/325<i>Hantaviridae</i>hantavirusHCPShost-switchreservoirspillover |
| spellingShingle | Nathaniel Mull Reilly Jackson Tarja Sironen Kristian M. Forbes Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses Pathogens <i>Hantaviridae</i> hantavirus HCPS host-switch reservoir spillover |
| title | Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses |
| title_full | Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses |
| title_fullStr | Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses |
| title_short | Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses |
| title_sort | ecology of neglected rodent borne american orthohantaviruses |
| topic | <i>Hantaviridae</i> hantavirus HCPS host-switch reservoir spillover |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/5/325 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nathanielmull ecologyofneglectedrodentborneamericanorthohantaviruses AT reillyjackson ecologyofneglectedrodentborneamericanorthohantaviruses AT tarjasironen ecologyofneglectedrodentborneamericanorthohantaviruses AT kristianmforbes ecologyofneglectedrodentborneamericanorthohantaviruses |