| Summary: | Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), creator of descriptive geometry and founder of the École Polytechnique, was one the main boosters of the awakening of higher mathematics that took place at the end of the 18th century. He played an important role in the French government during the Revolution and suffered the consequences after the fall of Napoleon. Among his many activities, he carried on important researches in Chemistry and Physics, particularly in the study of the synthesis and determination of the composition of water, iron metallurgy, capillarity, and the establishment of the meter as a unit of length.
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