Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes
A leading challenge in drinking water treatment is to remove small-sized viruses from the water in a simple and efficient manner. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are new generation adsorbents with previously demonstrated potential as filter media to improve virus removal. This study therefore...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Water Research X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914720300189 |
| _version_ | 1819061588255047680 |
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| author | Céline Jacquin Diya Yu Michael Sander Kamila W. Domagala Jacqueline Traber Eberhard Morgenroth Timothy R. Julian |
| author_facet | Céline Jacquin Diya Yu Michael Sander Kamila W. Domagala Jacqueline Traber Eberhard Morgenroth Timothy R. Julian |
| author_sort | Céline Jacquin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A leading challenge in drinking water treatment is to remove small-sized viruses from the water in a simple and efficient manner. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are new generation adsorbents with previously demonstrated potential as filter media to improve virus removal. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the field applicability of MWCNT-filters for virus removal in water containing natural organic matter (NOM) as co-solute to viruses, using batch equilibrium experiments. Contrary to previous studies, our results showed with MS2 bacteriophages single-solute systems that the affinity of MWCNT for MS2 was low, since after 3 h of equilibration only 4 log10 reduction value (LRV) of MS2 (20 mL at an initial concentration of 106 PFU MS2/mL) were reached. Single solute experiments with Suwannee river NOM (SRNOM) performed with environmentally-relevant concentrations showed MWCNT surface saturation at initial SRNOM concentrations between 10 and 15 mgC/L, for water pH between 5.2 and 8.7. These results suggested that at NOM:virus ratios found in natural waters, the NOM would competitively suppress virus adsorption onto MWCNT, even at low NOM concentrations. We confirmed this expectation with SRNOM-MS2 co-solute experiments, which showed an exponential decrease of the MS2 LRV by MWCNT with an increase in the initial SRNOM concentration. More interestingly, we showed that pre-equilibrating MWCNT with a SRNOM solution at a concentration as low as 0.4 mgC/L resulted in a LRV decrease of 3 for MS2, due to the formation of a negatively charged SRNOM adlayer on the MWCNT surface. Complementary batch experiments with natural NOM-containing waters and competition experiments with SRNOM in the presence of CaCl2 confirmed that the presence of NOM in waters challenges virus removal by MWCNT-filters, irrespective of the concentration and type of NOM and also in the presence of Ca2+. We therefore conclude that MWCNT-filters produced with commercially available pristine MWCNT cannot be considered as a viable technology for drinking water virus removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6789f464ea4c4f7aa0e556bdf56dbe88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-9147 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T14:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Research X |
| spelling | doaj.art-6789f464ea4c4f7aa0e556bdf56dbe882022-12-21T19:00:02ZengElsevierWater Research X2589-91472020-12-019100058Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubesCéline Jacquin0Diya Yu1Michael Sander2Kamila W. Domagala3Jacqueline Traber4Eberhard Morgenroth5Timothy R. Julian6Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Corresponding author.Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, SwitzerlandEmpa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; AGH, University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, PolandEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093, Zürich, SwitzerlandEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Swiss Tropical and Public Health, P.O. Box, 4001, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, P.O. Box, 4002, Basel, SwitzerlandA leading challenge in drinking water treatment is to remove small-sized viruses from the water in a simple and efficient manner. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are new generation adsorbents with previously demonstrated potential as filter media to improve virus removal. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the field applicability of MWCNT-filters for virus removal in water containing natural organic matter (NOM) as co-solute to viruses, using batch equilibrium experiments. Contrary to previous studies, our results showed with MS2 bacteriophages single-solute systems that the affinity of MWCNT for MS2 was low, since after 3 h of equilibration only 4 log10 reduction value (LRV) of MS2 (20 mL at an initial concentration of 106 PFU MS2/mL) were reached. Single solute experiments with Suwannee river NOM (SRNOM) performed with environmentally-relevant concentrations showed MWCNT surface saturation at initial SRNOM concentrations between 10 and 15 mgC/L, for water pH between 5.2 and 8.7. These results suggested that at NOM:virus ratios found in natural waters, the NOM would competitively suppress virus adsorption onto MWCNT, even at low NOM concentrations. We confirmed this expectation with SRNOM-MS2 co-solute experiments, which showed an exponential decrease of the MS2 LRV by MWCNT with an increase in the initial SRNOM concentration. More interestingly, we showed that pre-equilibrating MWCNT with a SRNOM solution at a concentration as low as 0.4 mgC/L resulted in a LRV decrease of 3 for MS2, due to the formation of a negatively charged SRNOM adlayer on the MWCNT surface. Complementary batch experiments with natural NOM-containing waters and competition experiments with SRNOM in the presence of CaCl2 confirmed that the presence of NOM in waters challenges virus removal by MWCNT-filters, irrespective of the concentration and type of NOM and also in the presence of Ca2+. We therefore conclude that MWCNT-filters produced with commercially available pristine MWCNT cannot be considered as a viable technology for drinking water virus removal.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914720300189Multiwalled carbon nanotubesVirus treatmentNatural organic matterCompetitive adsorptionDrinking water |
| spellingShingle | Céline Jacquin Diya Yu Michael Sander Kamila W. Domagala Jacqueline Traber Eberhard Morgenroth Timothy R. Julian Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes Water Research X Multiwalled carbon nanotubes Virus treatment Natural organic matter Competitive adsorption Drinking water |
| title | Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| title_full | Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| title_fullStr | Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| title_short | Competitive co-adsorption of bacteriophage MS2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| title_sort | competitive co adsorption of bacteriophage ms2 and natural organic matter onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes |
| topic | Multiwalled carbon nanotubes Virus treatment Natural organic matter Competitive adsorption Drinking water |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589914720300189 |
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