The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use
Abstract Background There is growing evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on morbidity and mortality of individuals living with HIV but limited evidence of in utero effects of HIV and alcohol on exposure on infants. Methods We conducted a population-based birth cohort study (N = 667 mother-inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-05-01
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| Series: | AIDS Research and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12981-017-0153-z |
| _version_ | 1819236905255960576 |
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| author | Kirsten A. M. Donald Anne Fernandez Kasey Claborn Caroline Kuo Nastassja Koen Heather Zar Dan J. Stein |
| author_facet | Kirsten A. M. Donald Anne Fernandez Kasey Claborn Caroline Kuo Nastassja Koen Heather Zar Dan J. Stein |
| author_sort | Kirsten A. M. Donald |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There is growing evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on morbidity and mortality of individuals living with HIV but limited evidence of in utero effects of HIV and alcohol on exposure on infants. Methods We conducted a population-based birth cohort study (N = 667 mother-infant dyads) in South Africa to investigate whether maternal alcohol use and HIV affected gestational outcomes. Descriptive data analysis was conducted for all variables using frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and estimates of variance. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to determine whether maternal alcohol use, maternal HIV status and other risk factors (socioeconomic status, smoking, depression) predicted infant outcomes. Results Our results showed severity of recent alcohol use and lifetime alcohol use predicted low birth weight. Similarly lifetime alcohol use predicted shorter infant length, smaller head length, smaller head circumference, and early gestational age. However, HIV status was not a significant predictor of gestational outcomes. Conclusions The unexpected finding that maternal HIV status did not predict any of the gestational outcomes may be due to high rates of ART usage among HIV-infected mothers. The potentially negative effects of HIV on gestational outcomes may have been attenuated by improved maternal health due to high coverage of antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Interventions are needed to reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant mothers and to support healthy growth and psychosocial development of infants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:11:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6794b37eba704da18d8118accb3f95c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-6405 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T13:11:51Z |
| publishDate | 2017-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIDS Research and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-6794b37eba704da18d8118accb3f95c92022-12-21T17:45:42ZengBMCAIDS Research and Therapy1742-64052017-05-0114111010.1186/s12981-017-0153-zThe developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol useKirsten A. M. Donald0Anne Fernandez1Kasey Claborn2Caroline Kuo3Nastassja Koen4Heather Zar5Dan J. Stein6Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Child Health Building, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s HospitalCenter for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public HealthCenter for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public HealthCenter for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public HealthDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Institute of Child Health Building, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownAbstract Background There is growing evidence of the negative impact of alcohol on morbidity and mortality of individuals living with HIV but limited evidence of in utero effects of HIV and alcohol on exposure on infants. Methods We conducted a population-based birth cohort study (N = 667 mother-infant dyads) in South Africa to investigate whether maternal alcohol use and HIV affected gestational outcomes. Descriptive data analysis was conducted for all variables using frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and estimates of variance. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to determine whether maternal alcohol use, maternal HIV status and other risk factors (socioeconomic status, smoking, depression) predicted infant outcomes. Results Our results showed severity of recent alcohol use and lifetime alcohol use predicted low birth weight. Similarly lifetime alcohol use predicted shorter infant length, smaller head length, smaller head circumference, and early gestational age. However, HIV status was not a significant predictor of gestational outcomes. Conclusions The unexpected finding that maternal HIV status did not predict any of the gestational outcomes may be due to high rates of ART usage among HIV-infected mothers. The potentially negative effects of HIV on gestational outcomes may have been attenuated by improved maternal health due to high coverage of antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. Interventions are needed to reduce alcohol consumption among pregnant mothers and to support healthy growth and psychosocial development of infants.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12981-017-0153-zGestational outcomesAlcoholHIVSouth AfricaPregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Kirsten A. M. Donald Anne Fernandez Kasey Claborn Caroline Kuo Nastassja Koen Heather Zar Dan J. Stein The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use AIDS Research and Therapy Gestational outcomes Alcohol HIV South Africa Pregnancy |
| title | The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use |
| title_full | The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use |
| title_fullStr | The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use |
| title_full_unstemmed | The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use |
| title_short | The developmental effects of HIV and alcohol: a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from South African communities with high prevalence of HIV and alcohol use |
| title_sort | developmental effects of hiv and alcohol a comparison of gestational outcomes among babies from south african communities with high prevalence of hiv and alcohol use |
| topic | Gestational outcomes Alcohol HIV South Africa Pregnancy |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12981-017-0153-z |
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