Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis
Peppers (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) are recalcitrant to in vitro culture regeneration, making the application of in vitro-based breeding strategies difficult. We evaluated the impact of different combinations of auxins, cytokinins and micronutrients on the induction of direct organogenesis in...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/261 |
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| author | Marina Martínez-López Ana García-Pérez Esther Gimeno-Páez Jaime Prohens Santiago Vilanova Edgar García-Fortea |
| author_facet | Marina Martínez-López Ana García-Pérez Esther Gimeno-Páez Jaime Prohens Santiago Vilanova Edgar García-Fortea |
| author_sort | Marina Martínez-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peppers (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) are recalcitrant to in vitro culture regeneration, making the application of in vitro-based breeding strategies difficult. We evaluated the impact of different combinations of auxins, cytokinins and micronutrients on the induction of direct organogenesis in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of <i>C. annuum</i>, <i>C. baccatum</i> and <i>C. chinense</i>. We found variation in the regeneration response among species and type of explant. In this way, the average numbers of shoots per cotyledon and hypocotyl explant were, respectively, 1.44 and 0.28 for <i>C. annuum</i>, 4.17 and 3.20 for <i>C. baccatum</i> and 0.08 and 0.00 for <i>C. chinense.</i> Out of the six media, the best overall results were obtained with the medium Pep1, which contained 5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0.5 mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 0.47 mg/L CuSO<sub>4</sub>, followed by a subculture in the same medium supplemented with 10 mg/L AgNO<sub>3</sub> (medium Pep1.2). The best result for the Pep1 + Pep1.2 medium was obtained for <i>C. baccatum</i> using cotyledon explants, with 8.87 shoots per explant. The explants grown in medium Pep1 + Pep1.2 were the ones with greener tissue, while overall the hypocotyl explants were greener than the cotyledon explants. Our results indicate that there is wide variation among <i>Capsicum</i> species in terms of regeneration. Our results suggest that the synergistic effect of copper and silver resulted in a higher regeneration rate of <i>Capsicum</i> explants. Explants with shoots were transferred to different media for elongation, rooting and acclimatization. Although acclimatized plantlets were obtained for <i>C. baccatum</i> and <i>C. chinense</i>, an improvement in these latter stages would be desirable for a high throughput regeneration pipeline. This work contributes to the improvement of <i>Capsicum</i> regeneration protocols using specific combinations of medium, explant and genotype, reaching the levels of efficiency required for genetic transformation and of gene editing technologies for other crops. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6798d7fd50b348db8589bac95702b327 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:37:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-6798d7fd50b348db8589bac95702b3272023-11-22T13:20:46ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-08-017926110.3390/horticulturae7090261Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct OrganogenesisMarina Martínez-López0Ana García-Pérez1Esther Gimeno-Páez2Jaime Prohens3Santiago Vilanova4Edgar García-Fortea5Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainSeeds for Innovation, Calle Regaliz, 6, 04007 Almería, SpainInstituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainSeeds for Innovation, Calle Regaliz, 6, 04007 Almería, SpainPeppers (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) are recalcitrant to in vitro culture regeneration, making the application of in vitro-based breeding strategies difficult. We evaluated the impact of different combinations of auxins, cytokinins and micronutrients on the induction of direct organogenesis in cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of <i>C. annuum</i>, <i>C. baccatum</i> and <i>C. chinense</i>. We found variation in the regeneration response among species and type of explant. In this way, the average numbers of shoots per cotyledon and hypocotyl explant were, respectively, 1.44 and 0.28 for <i>C. annuum</i>, 4.17 and 3.20 for <i>C. baccatum</i> and 0.08 and 0.00 for <i>C. chinense.</i> Out of the six media, the best overall results were obtained with the medium Pep1, which contained 5 mg/L BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0.5 mg/L IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 0.47 mg/L CuSO<sub>4</sub>, followed by a subculture in the same medium supplemented with 10 mg/L AgNO<sub>3</sub> (medium Pep1.2). The best result for the Pep1 + Pep1.2 medium was obtained for <i>C. baccatum</i> using cotyledon explants, with 8.87 shoots per explant. The explants grown in medium Pep1 + Pep1.2 were the ones with greener tissue, while overall the hypocotyl explants were greener than the cotyledon explants. Our results indicate that there is wide variation among <i>Capsicum</i> species in terms of regeneration. Our results suggest that the synergistic effect of copper and silver resulted in a higher regeneration rate of <i>Capsicum</i> explants. Explants with shoots were transferred to different media for elongation, rooting and acclimatization. Although acclimatized plantlets were obtained for <i>C. baccatum</i> and <i>C. chinense</i>, an improvement in these latter stages would be desirable for a high throughput regeneration pipeline. This work contributes to the improvement of <i>Capsicum</i> regeneration protocols using specific combinations of medium, explant and genotype, reaching the levels of efficiency required for genetic transformation and of gene editing technologies for other crops.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/261direct organogenesisAgNO<sub>3</sub>CuSO<sub>4</sub><i>Capsicum annuum</i><i>Capsicum baccatum</i><i>Capsicum chinense</i> |
| spellingShingle | Marina Martínez-López Ana García-Pérez Esther Gimeno-Páez Jaime Prohens Santiago Vilanova Edgar García-Fortea Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis Horticulturae direct organogenesis AgNO<sub>3</sub> CuSO<sub>4</sub> <i>Capsicum annuum</i> <i>Capsicum baccatum</i> <i>Capsicum chinense</i> |
| title | Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis |
| title_full | Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis |
| title_short | Screening of Suitable Plant Regeneration Protocols for Several <i>Capsicum</i> spp. through Direct Organogenesis |
| title_sort | screening of suitable plant regeneration protocols for several i capsicum i spp through direct organogenesis |
| topic | direct organogenesis AgNO<sub>3</sub> CuSO<sub>4</sub> <i>Capsicum annuum</i> <i>Capsicum baccatum</i> <i>Capsicum chinense</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/9/261 |
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