American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males
Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by a reduction in functional performance, disruption of muscle structure, production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Ginseng, along with its major bioactive component ginsenosides, has been widely employed in traditional...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/78 |
| _version_ | 1797498054286245888 |
|---|---|
| author | Ching-Hung Lin Yi-An Lin Shu-Li Chen Mei-Chich Hsu Cheng-Chen Hsu |
| author_facet | Ching-Hung Lin Yi-An Lin Shu-Li Chen Mei-Chich Hsu Cheng-Chen Hsu |
| author_sort | Ching-Hung Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by a reduction in functional performance, disruption of muscle structure, production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Ginseng, along with its major bioactive component ginsenosides, has been widely employed in traditional Chinese medicine. The protective potential of American ginseng (AG) for eccentric EIMD remains unclear. Twelve physically active males (age: 22.4 ± 1.7 years; height: 175.1 ± 5.7 cm; weight: 70.8 ± 8.0 kg; peak oxygen consumption [<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>peak] 54.1 ± 4.3 mL/kg/min) were administrated by AG extract (1.6 g/day) or placebo (P) for 28 days and subsequently challenged by downhill (DH) running (−10% gradient and 60% <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>peak). The levels of circulating 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α (PGF2α), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α, and the graphic pain rating scale (GPRS) were measured before and after supplementation and DH running. The results showed that the increases in plasma CK activity induced by DH running were eliminated by AG supplementation at 48 and 72 h after DH running. The level of plasma 8-iso-PGF2α was attenuated by AG supplementation immediately (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and <i>r</i> = 0.53), 2 h (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and <i>r</i> = 0.53) and 24 h (<i>p</i> = 0.028 and <i>r</i> = 0.45) after DH running compared with that by P supplementation. Moreover, our results showed an attenuation in the plasma IL-4 levels between AG and P supplementation before (<i>p</i> = 0.011 and <i>r</i> = 0.52) and 72 h (<i>p</i> = 0.028 and <i>r</i> = 0.45) following DH running. Our findings suggest that short-term supplementation with AG alleviates eccentric EIMD by decreasing lipid peroxidation and promoting inflammatory adaptation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-679dd47daa9744009a09f86a1ddf28cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-679dd47daa9744009a09f86a1ddf28cf2023-11-23T12:03:51ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-12-011417810.3390/nu14010078American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in MalesChing-Hung Lin0Yi-An Lin1Shu-Li Chen2Mei-Chich Hsu3Cheng-Chen Hsu4Physical Education Office, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, TaiwanDepartment of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, TaiwanDepartment of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, TaiwanExercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is characterized by a reduction in functional performance, disruption of muscle structure, production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Ginseng, along with its major bioactive component ginsenosides, has been widely employed in traditional Chinese medicine. The protective potential of American ginseng (AG) for eccentric EIMD remains unclear. Twelve physically active males (age: 22.4 ± 1.7 years; height: 175.1 ± 5.7 cm; weight: 70.8 ± 8.0 kg; peak oxygen consumption [<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>peak] 54.1 ± 4.3 mL/kg/min) were administrated by AG extract (1.6 g/day) or placebo (P) for 28 days and subsequently challenged by downhill (DH) running (−10% gradient and 60% <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mover accent="true"><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>peak). The levels of circulating 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α (PGF2α), creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α, and the graphic pain rating scale (GPRS) were measured before and after supplementation and DH running. The results showed that the increases in plasma CK activity induced by DH running were eliminated by AG supplementation at 48 and 72 h after DH running. The level of plasma 8-iso-PGF2α was attenuated by AG supplementation immediately (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and <i>r</i> = 0.53), 2 h (<i>p</i> = 0.01 and <i>r</i> = 0.53) and 24 h (<i>p</i> = 0.028 and <i>r</i> = 0.45) after DH running compared with that by P supplementation. Moreover, our results showed an attenuation in the plasma IL-4 levels between AG and P supplementation before (<i>p</i> = 0.011 and <i>r</i> = 0.52) and 72 h (<i>p</i> = 0.028 and <i>r</i> = 0.45) following DH running. Our findings suggest that short-term supplementation with AG alleviates eccentric EIMD by decreasing lipid peroxidation and promoting inflammatory adaptation.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/78antioxidantscytokinesdownhill runningginsenosidesports nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Ching-Hung Lin Yi-An Lin Shu-Li Chen Mei-Chich Hsu Cheng-Chen Hsu American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males Nutrients antioxidants cytokines downhill running ginsenoside sports nutrition |
| title | American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males |
| title_full | American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males |
| title_fullStr | American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males |
| title_full_unstemmed | American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males |
| title_short | American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males |
| title_sort | american ginseng attenuates eccentric exercise induced muscle damage via the modulation of lipid peroxidation and inflammatory adaptation in males |
| topic | antioxidants cytokines downhill running ginsenoside sports nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/1/78 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chinghunglin americanginsengattenuateseccentricexerciseinducedmuscledamageviathemodulationoflipidperoxidationandinflammatoryadaptationinmales AT yianlin americanginsengattenuateseccentricexerciseinducedmuscledamageviathemodulationoflipidperoxidationandinflammatoryadaptationinmales AT shulichen americanginsengattenuateseccentricexerciseinducedmuscledamageviathemodulationoflipidperoxidationandinflammatoryadaptationinmales AT meichichhsu americanginsengattenuateseccentricexerciseinducedmuscledamageviathemodulationoflipidperoxidationandinflammatoryadaptationinmales AT chengchenhsu americanginsengattenuateseccentricexerciseinducedmuscledamageviathemodulationoflipidperoxidationandinflammatoryadaptationinmales |