A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars
The generation of precise linear frequency modulation is a critical requirement for millimeterwave automotive radars. This paper presents the analysis and design of a CMOS 75.5 - 82.5 GHz monotonically linear digitally controlled oscillator (ML-DCO) fulfilling the requirements of the 77 GHz automoti...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726408/ |
| _version_ | 1818444280806506496 |
|---|---|
| author | Iman Taha Mitra Mirhassani |
| author_facet | Iman Taha Mitra Mirhassani |
| author_sort | Iman Taha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The generation of precise linear frequency modulation is a critical requirement for millimeterwave automotive radars. This paper presents the analysis and design of a CMOS 75.5 - 82.5 GHz monotonically linear digitally controlled oscillator (ML-DCO) fulfilling the requirements of the 77 GHz automotive radar. Non-linear large varactors are avoided. Linear coarse, intermediate, and fine-tuning ranges are achieved by arranging the available minimum Metal-Oxide-Metal (MoM) capacitor in unique configurations. Moreover, a new tuning mechanism derived from a Colpitts topology is discussed to meet the wide tuning requirements without losing linearity. The new arrangement results in a minimal amplitude variation while the ML-DCO is tuned. The coarse, intermediate, and fine-tuning steps from the post-layout simulation are 0.22, 10, and 346 KHz, respectively. The power consumption is 14 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The achieved phase-noise is -98.53 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset when oscillating at 77 GHz. The ML-DCO demonstrates -185 Figure of Merit and -184 Figure of Merit for Tuning. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:13:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67aa2fc56abc40b4bc51a8671d0d01b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:13:26Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-67aa2fc56abc40b4bc51a8671d0d01b12022-12-21T22:50:40ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362019-01-017724697248110.1109/ACCESS.2019.29200718726408A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive RadarsIman Taha0Mitra Mirhassani1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8512-6427Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, CanadaElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, CanadaThe generation of precise linear frequency modulation is a critical requirement for millimeterwave automotive radars. This paper presents the analysis and design of a CMOS 75.5 - 82.5 GHz monotonically linear digitally controlled oscillator (ML-DCO) fulfilling the requirements of the 77 GHz automotive radar. Non-linear large varactors are avoided. Linear coarse, intermediate, and fine-tuning ranges are achieved by arranging the available minimum Metal-Oxide-Metal (MoM) capacitor in unique configurations. Moreover, a new tuning mechanism derived from a Colpitts topology is discussed to meet the wide tuning requirements without losing linearity. The new arrangement results in a minimal amplitude variation while the ML-DCO is tuned. The coarse, intermediate, and fine-tuning steps from the post-layout simulation are 0.22, 10, and 346 KHz, respectively. The power consumption is 14 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The achieved phase-noise is -98.53 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset when oscillating at 77 GHz. The ML-DCO demonstrates -185 Figure of Merit and -184 Figure of Merit for Tuning.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726408/Digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)frequency resolutionmillimeter-wave frequencystable amplitude of oscillationvaractor-less digitally controlled oscillator (DCO)wide tuning range |
| spellingShingle | Iman Taha Mitra Mirhassani A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars IEEE Access Digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) frequency resolution millimeter-wave frequency stable amplitude of oscillation varactor-less digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) wide tuning range |
| title | A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars |
| title_full | A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars |
| title_fullStr | A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars |
| title_short | A Varactor-Less DCO With <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Tuning Range for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77~GHz$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Automotive Radars |
| title_sort | varactor less dco with inline formula tex math notation latex 7 ghz tex math inline formula tuning range for inline formula tex math notation latex 77 ghz tex math inline formula automotive radars |
| topic | Digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) frequency resolution millimeter-wave frequency stable amplitude of oscillation varactor-less digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) wide tuning range |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8726408/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imantaha avaractorlessdcowithinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex7ghztexmathinlineformulatuningrangeforinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex77ghztexmathinlineformulaautomotiveradars AT mitramirhassani avaractorlessdcowithinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex7ghztexmathinlineformulatuningrangeforinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex77ghztexmathinlineformulaautomotiveradars AT imantaha varactorlessdcowithinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex7ghztexmathinlineformulatuningrangeforinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex77ghztexmathinlineformulaautomotiveradars AT mitramirhassani varactorlessdcowithinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex7ghztexmathinlineformulatuningrangeforinlineformulatexmathnotationlatex77ghztexmathinlineformulaautomotiveradars |