3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing
In this study, the mechanical properties of purposefully synthesized vitrimer repairable epoxy composites were investigated and compared to conventional, commercial systems. The purpose was to assess the knockdown effect, or the relative property deterioration, from the use of the vitrimer in severa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/7269 |
| _version_ | 1797407505143300096 |
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| author | Maria Kosarli Georgios Foteinidis Kyriaki Tsirka Nerea Markaide Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga Diego Calderón Zapatería Stefan Weidmann Alkiviadis S. Paipetis |
| author_facet | Maria Kosarli Georgios Foteinidis Kyriaki Tsirka Nerea Markaide Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga Diego Calderón Zapatería Stefan Weidmann Alkiviadis S. Paipetis |
| author_sort | Maria Kosarli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the mechanical properties of purposefully synthesized vitrimer repairable epoxy composites were investigated and compared to conventional, commercial systems. The purpose was to assess the knockdown effect, or the relative property deterioration, from the use of the vitrimer in several testing configurations. Mechanical tests were performed using ILSS, low-velocity impact, and compression after impact configurations. At modeled structure level, the lap strap geometry that can simulate the stiffening of a composite panel was tested. Several non-destructive evaluation techniques were utilized simultaneously with the mechanical testing in order to evaluate (i) the production quality, (ii) the damage during or after mechanical testing, and (iii) the repair efficiency. Results indicated that the new repairable composites had the same mechanical properties as the conventional aerospace-grade RTM6 composites. The electrical resistance change method proved to be a valuable technique for monitoring deformations before the initiation of the debonding and the progress of the damage with consistency and high sensitivity in real time. In terms of repair efficiency, the values ranged from 70% to 100%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:43:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67b07198c08447e1a80648822ce61adb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:43:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-67b07198c08447e1a80648822ce61adb2023-12-03T14:37:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-07-011214726910.3390/app121472693R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE TestingMaria Kosarli0Georgios Foteinidis1Kyriaki Tsirka2Nerea Markaide3Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga4Diego Calderón Zapatería5Stefan Weidmann6Alkiviadis S. Paipetis7Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainIDEC, Engineering Composites Advanced Solution, C/Albert Einstein 29, 01510 Minano Menor, SpainManufacturing Science, Leibniz-Institut für Verbundwerkstoffe GmbH, 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceIn this study, the mechanical properties of purposefully synthesized vitrimer repairable epoxy composites were investigated and compared to conventional, commercial systems. The purpose was to assess the knockdown effect, or the relative property deterioration, from the use of the vitrimer in several testing configurations. Mechanical tests were performed using ILSS, low-velocity impact, and compression after impact configurations. At modeled structure level, the lap strap geometry that can simulate the stiffening of a composite panel was tested. Several non-destructive evaluation techniques were utilized simultaneously with the mechanical testing in order to evaluate (i) the production quality, (ii) the damage during or after mechanical testing, and (iii) the repair efficiency. Results indicated that the new repairable composites had the same mechanical properties as the conventional aerospace-grade RTM6 composites. The electrical resistance change method proved to be a valuable technique for monitoring deformations before the initiation of the debonding and the progress of the damage with consistency and high sensitivity in real time. In terms of repair efficiency, the values ranged from 70% to 100%.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/7269vitrimercompositesrepairnon-destructive evaluationmechanical characterization |
| spellingShingle | Maria Kosarli Georgios Foteinidis Kyriaki Tsirka Nerea Markaide Alaitz Ruiz de Luzuriaga Diego Calderón Zapatería Stefan Weidmann Alkiviadis S. Paipetis 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing Applied Sciences vitrimer composites repair non-destructive evaluation mechanical characterization |
| title | 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing |
| title_full | 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing |
| title_fullStr | 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing |
| title_short | 3R Composites: Knockdown Effect Assessment and Repair Efficiency via Mechanical and NDE Testing |
| title_sort | 3r composites knockdown effect assessment and repair efficiency via mechanical and nde testing |
| topic | vitrimer composites repair non-destructive evaluation mechanical characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/14/7269 |
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