Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players
Previous investigations have found that several genes may be associated with the interindividual variability to the ergogenic response to caffeine. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the genetic variations in <i>CYP1A2</i> (−163C > A, rs762551; characterized such as...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/8/933 |
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| author | Alejandro Muñoz Álvaro López-Samanes Millán Aguilar-Navarro David Varillas-Delgado Jesús Rivilla-García Víctor Moreno-Pérez Juan Del Coso |
| author_facet | Alejandro Muñoz Álvaro López-Samanes Millán Aguilar-Navarro David Varillas-Delgado Jesús Rivilla-García Víctor Moreno-Pérez Juan Del Coso |
| author_sort | Alejandro Muñoz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Previous investigations have found that several genes may be associated with the interindividual variability to the ergogenic response to caffeine. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the genetic variations in <i>CYP1A2</i> (−163C > A, rs762551; characterized such as “fast” (AA genotype) and “slow” caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and <i>ADORA2A</i> (1976T > C; rs5751876; characterized by “high” (TT genotype) or “low” sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)) on the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake in professional handball players. Thirty-one professional handball players (sixteen men and fifteen women; daily caffeine intake = 60 ± 25 mg·d<sup>−1</sup>) ingested 3 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·body mass (bm) of caffeine or placebo 60 min before undergoing a battery of performance tests consisting of a countermovement jump (CMJ), a sprint test, an agility test, an isometric handgrip test, and several ball throws. Afterwards, the handball players performed a simulated handball match (2 × 20 min) while movements were recorded using inertial units. Saliva samples were analyzed to determine the genotype of each player for the −163C > A polymorphism in the <i>CYP1A2</i> gene (rs762551) and for the 1976T > C polymorphism in the <i>ADORA2A</i> gene (rs5751876). In the <i>CYP1A2</i>, C-allele carriers (54.8%) were compared to AA homozygotes (45.2%). In the <i>ADORA2A</i>, C-allele carriers (80.6%) were compared to TT homozygotes (19.4%). There was only a genotype x treatment interaction for the ball throwing from 7 m (<i>p</i> = 0.037) indicating that the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this test was higher in <i>CYP1A2</i> AA homozygotes than in C-allele carriers. In the remaining variables, there were no genotype x treatment interactions for <i>CYP1A2</i> or for <i>ADORA2A</i>. As a whole group, caffeine increased CMJ height, performance in the sprint velocity test, and ball throwing velocity from 9 m (2.8–4.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.001–0.022, effect size = 0.17–0.31). Thus, pre-exercise caffeine supplementation at a dose of 3 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·bm can be considered as an ergogenic strategy to enhance some neuromuscular aspects of handball performance in professional handball players with low daily caffeine consumption. However, the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake was not modulated by <i>CYP1A2</i> or <i>ADORA2A</i> genotypes. |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-67b07bef046e4e8799493afdb9573d352023-11-20T10:01:21ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-08-0111893310.3390/genes11080933Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball PlayersAlejandro Muñoz0Álvaro López-Samanes1Millán Aguilar-Navarro2David Varillas-Delgado3Jesús Rivilla-García4Víctor Moreno-Pérez5Juan Del Coso6Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, SpainExercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, SpainExercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, SpainFaculty of Medicine, Research Unit, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, SpainFaculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, SpainSports Research Centre, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, SpainCentre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Madrid, SpainPrevious investigations have found that several genes may be associated with the interindividual variability to the ergogenic response to caffeine. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of the genetic variations in <i>CYP1A2</i> (−163C > A, rs762551; characterized such as “fast” (AA genotype) and “slow” caffeine metabolizers (C-carriers)) and <i>ADORA2A</i> (1976T > C; rs5751876; characterized by “high” (TT genotype) or “low” sensitivity to caffeine (C-carriers)) on the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake in professional handball players. Thirty-one professional handball players (sixteen men and fifteen women; daily caffeine intake = 60 ± 25 mg·d<sup>−1</sup>) ingested 3 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·body mass (bm) of caffeine or placebo 60 min before undergoing a battery of performance tests consisting of a countermovement jump (CMJ), a sprint test, an agility test, an isometric handgrip test, and several ball throws. Afterwards, the handball players performed a simulated handball match (2 × 20 min) while movements were recorded using inertial units. Saliva samples were analyzed to determine the genotype of each player for the −163C > A polymorphism in the <i>CYP1A2</i> gene (rs762551) and for the 1976T > C polymorphism in the <i>ADORA2A</i> gene (rs5751876). In the <i>CYP1A2</i>, C-allele carriers (54.8%) were compared to AA homozygotes (45.2%). In the <i>ADORA2A</i>, C-allele carriers (80.6%) were compared to TT homozygotes (19.4%). There was only a genotype x treatment interaction for the ball throwing from 7 m (<i>p</i> = 0.037) indicating that the ergogenic effect of caffeine on this test was higher in <i>CYP1A2</i> AA homozygotes than in C-allele carriers. In the remaining variables, there were no genotype x treatment interactions for <i>CYP1A2</i> or for <i>ADORA2A</i>. As a whole group, caffeine increased CMJ height, performance in the sprint velocity test, and ball throwing velocity from 9 m (2.8–4.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.001–0.022, effect size = 0.17–0.31). Thus, pre-exercise caffeine supplementation at a dose of 3 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>·bm can be considered as an ergogenic strategy to enhance some neuromuscular aspects of handball performance in professional handball players with low daily caffeine consumption. However, the ergogenic response to acute caffeine intake was not modulated by <i>CYP1A2</i> or <i>ADORA2A</i> genotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/8/933ergogenic aidsgeneticspolymorphismteam-sport athletessport performance |
| spellingShingle | Alejandro Muñoz Álvaro López-Samanes Millán Aguilar-Navarro David Varillas-Delgado Jesús Rivilla-García Víctor Moreno-Pérez Juan Del Coso Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players Genes ergogenic aids genetics polymorphism team-sport athletes sport performance |
| title | Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players |
| title_full | Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players |
| title_fullStr | Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players |
| title_short | Effects of <i>CYP1A2</i> and <i>ADORA2A</i> Genotypes on the Ergogenic Response to Caffeine in Professional Handball Players |
| title_sort | effects of i cyp1a2 i and i adora2a i genotypes on the ergogenic response to caffeine in professional handball players |
| topic | ergogenic aids genetics polymorphism team-sport athletes sport performance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/8/933 |
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