Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow
Rock avalanches and landslides lead to gravitational flow into their runout areas, which poses increasing danger to settlement areas and infrastructure in the Alpine region as a result of climate change. In recent years, a significant increase in extreme events has been registered in the Alps due to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Geosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/6/223 |
| _version_ | 1797487032437571584 |
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| author | Robert Hofmann Simon Berger |
| author_facet | Robert Hofmann Simon Berger |
| author_sort | Robert Hofmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rock avalanches and landslides lead to gravitational flow into their runout areas, which poses increasing danger to settlement areas and infrastructure in the Alpine region as a result of climate change. In recent years, a significant increase in extreme events has been registered in the Alps due to climate change. These changes in the threat to settlement areas in the Alpine region have resulted in the need for the construction of sustainable protective structures. Many structures are rigid, but others are now also increasingly flexible, e.g., net and dam structures, which are mainly earth dams with geogrids. In this study, empirical model experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the flow depth, the deposition forms and the effects on protective structures. Numerical programs usually require unknown input parameters and long computation times for a realistic simulation of the process. This study shows the results of model tests with different granular materials. Furthermore, different design approaches of different authors are presented. Finally, a design model based on the model tests of the University of Innsbruck for rigid barriers, nets and dams due to rock avalanches is presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:42:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67b1f1a37cf144c0bc5ecf1437484243 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:42:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-67b1f1a37cf144c0bc5ecf14374842432023-11-23T16:49:41ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632022-05-0112622310.3390/geosciences12060223Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular FlowRobert Hofmann0Simon Berger1Unit of Geotechnics, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaUnit of Geotechnics, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 13, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaRock avalanches and landslides lead to gravitational flow into their runout areas, which poses increasing danger to settlement areas and infrastructure in the Alpine region as a result of climate change. In recent years, a significant increase in extreme events has been registered in the Alps due to climate change. These changes in the threat to settlement areas in the Alpine region have resulted in the need for the construction of sustainable protective structures. Many structures are rigid, but others are now also increasingly flexible, e.g., net and dam structures, which are mainly earth dams with geogrids. In this study, empirical model experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the flow depth, the deposition forms and the effects on protective structures. Numerical programs usually require unknown input parameters and long computation times for a realistic simulation of the process. This study shows the results of model tests with different granular materials. Furthermore, different design approaches of different authors are presented. Finally, a design model based on the model tests of the University of Innsbruck for rigid barriers, nets and dams due to rock avalanches is presented.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/6/223rock avalancheimpactgranular materialprotective structures |
| spellingShingle | Robert Hofmann Simon Berger Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow Geosciences rock avalanche impact granular material protective structures |
| title | Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow |
| title_full | Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow |
| title_short | Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow |
| title_sort | impacts of gravitational mass movements on protective structures rock avalanches granular flow |
| topic | rock avalanche impact granular material protective structures |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/12/6/223 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT roberthofmann impactsofgravitationalmassmovementsonprotectivestructuresrockavalanchesgranularflow AT simonberger impactsofgravitationalmassmovementsonprotectivestructuresrockavalanchesgranularflow |