Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight
To cope with environmental pollution caused by toxic emissions into water streams, high-performance photocatalysts based on ZnO semiconductor materials are urgently needed. In this study, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using leafy spinach extract using a biogenic approach. By using phytochemical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2773 |
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| author | Mansab Ali Jakhrani Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Aqeel Ahmed Shah Elmuez A. Dawi Brigitte Vigolo Ayman Nafady Lama M. Saleem Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Zafar Hussain Ibupoto |
| author_facet | Mansab Ali Jakhrani Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Aqeel Ahmed Shah Elmuez A. Dawi Brigitte Vigolo Ayman Nafady Lama M. Saleem Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Zafar Hussain Ibupoto |
| author_sort | Mansab Ali Jakhrani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To cope with environmental pollution caused by toxic emissions into water streams, high-performance photocatalysts based on ZnO semiconductor materials are urgently needed. In this study, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using leafy spinach extract using a biogenic approach. By using phytochemicals contained in spinach, ZnO nanorods are transformed into large clusters assembled with nanosheets with visible porous structures. Through X-ray diffraction, it has been demonstrated that leafy spinach extract prepared with ZnO is hexagonal in structure. Surface properties of ZnO were altered by using 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, and 40 mL quantities of leafy spinach extract. The size of ZnO crystallites is typically 14 nanometers. In the presence of sunlight, ZnO nanostructures mineralized methylene blue. Studies investigated photocatalyst doses, dye concentrations, pH effects on dye solutions, and scavengers. The ZnO nanostructures prepared with 40 mL of leafy spinach extract outperformed the degradation efficiency of 99.9% for the MB since hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for degradation. During degradation, first-order kinetics were observed. Leafy spinach extract could be used to develop novel photocatalysts for the production of solar hydrogen and environmental hydrogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:07:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67b8696430cb4f5e99e140ebc5be0849 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:07:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-67b8696430cb4f5e99e140ebc5be08492023-11-17T12:55:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-03-01286277310.3390/molecules28062773Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural SunlightMansab Ali Jakhrani0Muhammad Ali Bhatti1Aneela Tahira2Aqeel Ahmed Shah3Elmuez A. Dawi4Brigitte Vigolo5Ayman Nafady6Lama M. Saleem7Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail8Zafar Hussain Ibupoto9Institute of Physics, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanInstitute of Environmental Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanInstitute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Mirs 66111, PakistanDepartment of Metallurgy, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, PakistanNonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesInstitute Jean Lamour, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), F-54000 Nancy, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBiomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, Kruislaan 404, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The NetherlandsNonlinear Dynamics Research Centre (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab EmiratesInstitute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, PakistanTo cope with environmental pollution caused by toxic emissions into water streams, high-performance photocatalysts based on ZnO semiconductor materials are urgently needed. In this study, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized using leafy spinach extract using a biogenic approach. By using phytochemicals contained in spinach, ZnO nanorods are transformed into large clusters assembled with nanosheets with visible porous structures. Through X-ray diffraction, it has been demonstrated that leafy spinach extract prepared with ZnO is hexagonal in structure. Surface properties of ZnO were altered by using 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, and 40 mL quantities of leafy spinach extract. The size of ZnO crystallites is typically 14 nanometers. In the presence of sunlight, ZnO nanostructures mineralized methylene blue. Studies investigated photocatalyst doses, dye concentrations, pH effects on dye solutions, and scavengers. The ZnO nanostructures prepared with 40 mL of leafy spinach extract outperformed the degradation efficiency of 99.9% for the MB since hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for degradation. During degradation, first-order kinetics were observed. Leafy spinach extract could be used to develop novel photocatalysts for the production of solar hydrogen and environmental hydrogen.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2773leafy spinach extractZnO nanostructuresmethylene bluescavenger |
| spellingShingle | Mansab Ali Jakhrani Muhammad Ali Bhatti Aneela Tahira Aqeel Ahmed Shah Elmuez A. Dawi Brigitte Vigolo Ayman Nafady Lama M. Saleem Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail Zafar Hussain Ibupoto Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight Molecules leafy spinach extract ZnO nanostructures methylene blue scavenger |
| title | Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight |
| title_full | Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight |
| title_fullStr | Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight |
| title_short | Biogenic Preparation of ZnO Nanostructures Using Leafy Spinach Extract for High-Performance Photodegradation of Methylene Blue under the Illumination of Natural Sunlight |
| title_sort | biogenic preparation of zno nanostructures using leafy spinach extract for high performance photodegradation of methylene blue under the illumination of natural sunlight |
| topic | leafy spinach extract ZnO nanostructures methylene blue scavenger |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2773 |
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