Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells
Mitochondria are complex organelles that provide energy for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and have very specific structures. For most organisms, this is a reticular or tubular mitochondrial network, while others have singular oval-shaped organelles. Nonetheless, maintenance of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9402 |
| _version_ | 1797409672825667584 |
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| author | Meghan D. Jones Kari Naylor |
| author_facet | Meghan D. Jones Kari Naylor |
| author_sort | Meghan D. Jones |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondria are complex organelles that provide energy for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and have very specific structures. For most organisms, this is a reticular or tubular mitochondrial network, while others have singular oval-shaped organelles. Nonetheless, maintenance of this structure is dependent on the mitochondrial dynamics, fission, fusion, and motility. Recently, studies have shown that the cytoskeleton has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we focus on microtubules and actin filaments and look at what is currently known about the cytoskeleton’s role in mitochondrial dynamics in complex models like mammals and yeast, as well as what is known in the simple model system, <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i>. Understanding how the cytoskeleton is involved in mitochondrial dynamics increases our understanding of mitochondrial disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Increases in fission, loss of fusion, and fragmented mitochondria are seen in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease. There is no known cure for these diseases, but new therapeutic strategies using drugs to alter mitochondrial fusion and fission activity are being considered. The future of these therapeutic studies is dependent on an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics. Understanding the cytoskeleton’s role in dynamics in multiple model organisms will further our understanding of these mechanisms and could potentially uncover new therapeutic targets for these neurodegenerative diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67c8aceca1664ad49f51638efa87610d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:18:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-67c8aceca1664ad49f51638efa87610d2023-12-03T13:50:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-08-012316940210.3390/ijms23169402Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian CellsMeghan D. Jones0Kari Naylor1Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Ave., Conway, AR 72035, USADepartment of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, 201 Donaghey Ave., Conway, AR 72035, USAMitochondria are complex organelles that provide energy for the cell in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and have very specific structures. For most organisms, this is a reticular or tubular mitochondrial network, while others have singular oval-shaped organelles. Nonetheless, maintenance of this structure is dependent on the mitochondrial dynamics, fission, fusion, and motility. Recently, studies have shown that the cytoskeleton has a significant role in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. In this review, we focus on microtubules and actin filaments and look at what is currently known about the cytoskeleton’s role in mitochondrial dynamics in complex models like mammals and yeast, as well as what is known in the simple model system, <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i>. Understanding how the cytoskeleton is involved in mitochondrial dynamics increases our understanding of mitochondrial disease, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Increases in fission, loss of fusion, and fragmented mitochondria are seen in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s disease. There is no known cure for these diseases, but new therapeutic strategies using drugs to alter mitochondrial fusion and fission activity are being considered. The future of these therapeutic studies is dependent on an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics. Understanding the cytoskeleton’s role in dynamics in multiple model organisms will further our understanding of these mechanisms and could potentially uncover new therapeutic targets for these neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9402actinmicrotubulesmitochondrial dynamicsfissionfusionmotility |
| spellingShingle | Meghan D. Jones Kari Naylor Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences actin microtubules mitochondrial dynamics fission fusion motility |
| title | Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells |
| title_full | Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells |
| title_fullStr | Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells |
| title_short | Simple to Complex: The Role of Actin and Microtubules in Mitochondrial Dynamics in Amoeba, Yeast, and Mammalian Cells |
| title_sort | simple to complex the role of actin and microtubules in mitochondrial dynamics in amoeba yeast and mammalian cells |
| topic | actin microtubules mitochondrial dynamics fission fusion motility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9402 |
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