Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism
Aflatoxins (AFs) are biologically active toxic metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. on agricultural crops. In this study, five edible mushroom-forming fungi were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD)...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/668 |
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| author | Min-Jung Choo Sung-Yong Hong Soo-Hyun Chung Ae-Son Om |
| author_facet | Min-Jung Choo Sung-Yong Hong Soo-Hyun Chung Ae-Son Om |
| author_sort | Min-Jung Choo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxins (AFs) are biologically active toxic metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. on agricultural crops. In this study, five edible mushroom-forming fungi were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) for their ability to remove aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. <i>Bjerkandera adusta</i> and <i>Auricularia auricular-judae</i> showed the most significant AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activities (96.3% and 100%, respectively) among five strains after 14-day incubation. The cell lysate from <i>B. adusta</i> exhibited higher AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity (35%) than the cell-free supernatant (13%) after 1-day incubation and the highest removal activity (80%) after 5-day incubation at 40 °C. In addition, AFB<sub>1</sub> analyses using whole cells, cell lysates, and cell debris from <i>B. adusta</i> showed that cell debris had the highest AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity at 5th day (95%). Moreover, exopolysaccharides from <i>B. adusta</i> showed an increasing trend (24–48%) similar to whole cells and cell lysates after 5- day incubation. Our results strongly suggest that AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity by whole cells was mainly due to AFB<sub>1</sub> binding onto cell debris during early incubation and partly due to binding onto cell lysates along with exopolysaccharides after saturation of AFB<sub>1</sub> binding process onto cell wall components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:39Z |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:09:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-67cdd84c650940d5a0919ade3156668b2023-11-22T15:31:45ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-09-0113966810.3390/toxins13090668Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its MechanismMin-Jung Choo0Sung-Yong Hong1Soo-Hyun Chung2Ae-Son Om3Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, KoreaAflatoxins (AFs) are biologically active toxic metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. on agricultural crops. In this study, five edible mushroom-forming fungi were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) for their ability to remove aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. <i>Bjerkandera adusta</i> and <i>Auricularia auricular-judae</i> showed the most significant AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activities (96.3% and 100%, respectively) among five strains after 14-day incubation. The cell lysate from <i>B. adusta</i> exhibited higher AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity (35%) than the cell-free supernatant (13%) after 1-day incubation and the highest removal activity (80%) after 5-day incubation at 40 °C. In addition, AFB<sub>1</sub> analyses using whole cells, cell lysates, and cell debris from <i>B. adusta</i> showed that cell debris had the highest AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity at 5th day (95%). Moreover, exopolysaccharides from <i>B. adusta</i> showed an increasing trend (24–48%) similar to whole cells and cell lysates after 5- day incubation. Our results strongly suggest that AFB<sub>1</sub> removal activity by whole cells was mainly due to AFB<sub>1</sub> binding onto cell debris during early incubation and partly due to binding onto cell lysates along with exopolysaccharides after saturation of AFB<sub>1</sub> binding process onto cell wall components.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/668aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub><i>Bjerkandera adusta</i>bindingmushroommycotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Min-Jung Choo Sung-Yong Hong Soo-Hyun Chung Ae-Son Om Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism Toxins aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> <i>Bjerkandera adusta</i> binding mushroom mycotoxin |
| title | Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism |
| title_full | Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism |
| title_short | Removal of Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> by Edible Mushroom-Forming Fungi and Its Mechanism |
| title_sort | removal of aflatoxin b sub 1 sub by edible mushroom forming fungi and its mechanism |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> <i>Bjerkandera adusta</i> binding mushroom mycotoxin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/9/668 |
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