Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors
Remote sensing reflectance (R<i>rs</i>), which is currently measured mainly using the above-water approach, is the most crucial parameter in the remote sensing inversion of plateau inland water colors. It is very difficult to measure the R<i>rs</i> of plateau inland unmanned...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2117 |
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| author | Jiarui Shi Qian Shen Yue Yao Fangfang Zhang Junsheng Li Libing Wang |
| author_facet | Jiarui Shi Qian Shen Yue Yao Fangfang Zhang Junsheng Li Libing Wang |
| author_sort | Jiarui Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Remote sensing reflectance (R<i>rs</i>), which is currently measured mainly using the above-water approach, is the most crucial parameter in the remote sensing inversion of plateau inland water colors. It is very difficult to measure the R<i>rs</i> of plateau inland unmanned areas; thus, we provide a measurement solution using a micro-spectrometer. Currently, commercial micro-spectrometers are not factory calibrated for radiation, and thus, a radiometric calibration of the micro-spectrometer is an essential step. This article uses an Ocean Optics micro-spectrometer (STS-VIS) and a traditional water spectrometer (Trios) to simultaneously measure the irradiance and radiance of diffuse reflectance plates with different reflectance values for field calibration. The results show the following: (1) different fiber types have different calibration coefficients, and the integration time is determined according to the diameter of the fiber and the type of fiber, and (2) by comparing the simultaneous measurement results of STS-VIS with Trios, the mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of both reached 18.64% and 5.11% for Qinghai Lake and Golmud River, respectively, which are accurate R<i>rs</i> measurements of water bodies. The R<i>rs</i> of the Hoh Xil and Qarhan Salt Lake water bodies in unmanned areas of China was measured, and this was the first collection of in situ spectral information with a micro-spectrometer. This article shows that the micro-spectrometer can perform the in situ measurement of water R<i>rs</i> in unmanned inland areas. With this breakthrough in the radiometric performance of the micro-spectrometer, we are able to obtain more accurate remote sensing reflectance results of unmanned water bodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:13:02Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:13:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-67de9d20526a4a74adfd33a56bff0bab2023-11-16T18:51:07ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-02-01134211710.3390/app13042117Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water ColorsJiarui Shi0Qian Shen1Yue Yao2Fangfang Zhang3Junsheng Li4Libing Wang5Big Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaBig Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaBig Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaBig Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaBig Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaBig Earth Data Reveals Imbalance in Progress towards the Environmental SDG Indicators in China, Beijing 100094, ChinaRemote sensing reflectance (R<i>rs</i>), which is currently measured mainly using the above-water approach, is the most crucial parameter in the remote sensing inversion of plateau inland water colors. It is very difficult to measure the R<i>rs</i> of plateau inland unmanned areas; thus, we provide a measurement solution using a micro-spectrometer. Currently, commercial micro-spectrometers are not factory calibrated for radiation, and thus, a radiometric calibration of the micro-spectrometer is an essential step. This article uses an Ocean Optics micro-spectrometer (STS-VIS) and a traditional water spectrometer (Trios) to simultaneously measure the irradiance and radiance of diffuse reflectance plates with different reflectance values for field calibration. The results show the following: (1) different fiber types have different calibration coefficients, and the integration time is determined according to the diameter of the fiber and the type of fiber, and (2) by comparing the simultaneous measurement results of STS-VIS with Trios, the mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of both reached 18.64% and 5.11% for Qinghai Lake and Golmud River, respectively, which are accurate R<i>rs</i> measurements of water bodies. The R<i>rs</i> of the Hoh Xil and Qarhan Salt Lake water bodies in unmanned areas of China was measured, and this was the first collection of in situ spectral information with a micro-spectrometer. This article shows that the micro-spectrometer can perform the in situ measurement of water R<i>rs</i> in unmanned inland areas. With this breakthrough in the radiometric performance of the micro-spectrometer, we are able to obtain more accurate remote sensing reflectance results of unmanned water bodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2117field radiometric calibrationmicro-spectrometerremote sensing reflectanceplateau inland waters |
| spellingShingle | Jiarui Shi Qian Shen Yue Yao Fangfang Zhang Junsheng Li Libing Wang Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors Applied Sciences field radiometric calibration micro-spectrometer remote sensing reflectance plateau inland waters |
| title | Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors |
| title_full | Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors |
| title_fullStr | Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors |
| title_short | Field Radiometric Calibration of a Micro-Spectrometer Based on Remote Sensing of Plateau Inland Water Colors |
| title_sort | field radiometric calibration of a micro spectrometer based on remote sensing of plateau inland water colors |
| topic | field radiometric calibration micro-spectrometer remote sensing reflectance plateau inland waters |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/4/2117 |
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