First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China
Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis (G. intestinalis) are enteric pathogens that cause diarrhea in pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these enteric parasites and their coinfection with E. bieneusi in diarr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03070-x |
| _version_ | 1797630381185302528 |
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| author | Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael Xianzhi Meng Yujiao Yang Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish Zongrun Wu Jie Chen Junhong Wei Tian Li Jialing Bao Zeyang Zhou Guoqing Pan |
| author_facet | Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael Xianzhi Meng Yujiao Yang Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish Zongrun Wu Jie Chen Junhong Wei Tian Li Jialing Bao Zeyang Zhou Guoqing Pan |
| author_sort | Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis (G. intestinalis) are enteric pathogens that cause diarrhea in pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these enteric parasites and their coinfection with E. bieneusi in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China (Chongqing and Sichuan) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based methods. Results A total of 514 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic pigs from 14 pig farms in Chongqing (five farms) and Sichuan (nine farms) Provinces. The prevalence of Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 16.14% (83/514), 0% (0/514), and 8.95% (46/514), respectively. Nested PCR revealed 305 mono-infections of E. bieneusi, six of E. cuniculi, two of E. hellem, and nine of G. duodenalis and 106 concurrent infections of E. bieneusi with the other enteric pathogens. No infections of E. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium species were detected. The highest coinfection was detected between E. bieneusi and E. cuniculi (10.5%, 54/514), followed by E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis (5.8%, 30/514) and E. bieneusi and E. hellem (2.9%, 15/514). E. bieneusi was the most frequently detected enteric pathogen, followed by E. cuniculi, G. duodenalis and E. hellem. There was a significant age-related difference in the prevalence of E. cuniculi in fattening pigs (χ2 = 15.266, df = 3, P = 0.002) and G. duodenalis in suckling pigs (χ2 = 11.92, df = 3, P = 0.008) compared with the other age groups. Sequence analysis of the ITS region of Encephalitozoon species showed two genotypes (II and III) for E. cuniculi and one (TURK1B) for E. hellem. Only G. duodenalis assemblage A was identified in all nested PCR-positive samples. E. bieneusi was found more often than other enteric pathogens. Conclusions This study showed that E. bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp. [E. cuniculi and E. hellem] and G. duodenalis were common enteric parasites in diarrheic pigs in Chongqing and Sichuan Provinces. In case of both mono-infection and coinfection, E. bieneusi was the most common enteric pathogen in diarrheic pigs. Thus, it may be a significant cause of diarrhea in pigs. Precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of these enteric parasites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:07:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67e39e8c8e714036b5dc2453f57c6f7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:07:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-67e39e8c8e714036b5dc2453f57c6f7f2023-11-12T12:08:16ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802023-11-0123111410.1186/s12866-023-03070-xFirst identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest ChinaSamson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael0Xianzhi Meng1Yujiao Yang2Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish3Zongrun Wu4Jie Chen5Junhong Wei6Tian Li7Jialing Bao8Zeyang Zhou9Guoqing Pan10State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest UniversityEpidemiology and Health Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityState Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest UniversityAbstract Background Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis (G. intestinalis) are enteric pathogens that cause diarrhea in pigs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these enteric parasites and their coinfection with E. bieneusi in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China (Chongqing and Sichuan) using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) based methods. Results A total of 514 fecal samples were collected from diarrheic pigs from 14 pig farms in Chongqing (five farms) and Sichuan (nine farms) Provinces. The prevalence of Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis was 16.14% (83/514), 0% (0/514), and 8.95% (46/514), respectively. Nested PCR revealed 305 mono-infections of E. bieneusi, six of E. cuniculi, two of E. hellem, and nine of G. duodenalis and 106 concurrent infections of E. bieneusi with the other enteric pathogens. No infections of E. intestinalis and Cryptosporidium species were detected. The highest coinfection was detected between E. bieneusi and E. cuniculi (10.5%, 54/514), followed by E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis (5.8%, 30/514) and E. bieneusi and E. hellem (2.9%, 15/514). E. bieneusi was the most frequently detected enteric pathogen, followed by E. cuniculi, G. duodenalis and E. hellem. There was a significant age-related difference in the prevalence of E. cuniculi in fattening pigs (χ2 = 15.266, df = 3, P = 0.002) and G. duodenalis in suckling pigs (χ2 = 11.92, df = 3, P = 0.008) compared with the other age groups. Sequence analysis of the ITS region of Encephalitozoon species showed two genotypes (II and III) for E. cuniculi and one (TURK1B) for E. hellem. Only G. duodenalis assemblage A was identified in all nested PCR-positive samples. E. bieneusi was found more often than other enteric pathogens. Conclusions This study showed that E. bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp. [E. cuniculi and E. hellem] and G. duodenalis were common enteric parasites in diarrheic pigs in Chongqing and Sichuan Provinces. In case of both mono-infection and coinfection, E. bieneusi was the most common enteric pathogen in diarrheic pigs. Thus, it may be a significant cause of diarrhea in pigs. Precautions should be taken to prevent the spread of these enteric parasites.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03070-xEnterocytozoon bieneusiEncephalitozoon spp.Internal transcribed spacer (ITS)Cryptosporidium spp.Giardia duodenalisDiarrheic pigs |
| spellingShingle | Samson Teweldeberhan Ghebremichael Xianzhi Meng Yujiao Yang Amanuel Kidane Andegiorgish Zongrun Wu Jie Chen Junhong Wei Tian Li Jialing Bao Zeyang Zhou Guoqing Pan First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China BMC Microbiology Enterocytozoon bieneusi Encephalitozoon spp. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Cryptosporidium spp. Giardia duodenalis Diarrheic pigs |
| title | First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China |
| title_full | First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China |
| title_short | First identification and coinfection detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in Southwest China |
| title_sort | first identification and coinfection detection of enterocytozoon bieneusi encephalitozoon spp cryptosporidium spp and giardia duodenalis in diarrheic pigs in southwest china |
| topic | Enterocytozoon bieneusi Encephalitozoon spp. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Cryptosporidium spp. Giardia duodenalis Diarrheic pigs |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-03070-x |
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