Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial

State-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of different cell chemistries were investigated using long-time cycle tests. This practical guide illustrates how differential capacity d<i>Q</i>/d<i>U</i> (capacitance) obtained from discharge curves, impedance spectra, and cyc...

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Main Authors: Peter Kurzweil, Wolfgang Scheuerpflug, Bernhard Frenzel, Christian Schell, Josef Schottenbauer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4520
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author Peter Kurzweil
Wolfgang Scheuerpflug
Bernhard Frenzel
Christian Schell
Josef Schottenbauer
author_facet Peter Kurzweil
Wolfgang Scheuerpflug
Bernhard Frenzel
Christian Schell
Josef Schottenbauer
author_sort Peter Kurzweil
collection DOAJ
description State-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of different cell chemistries were investigated using long-time cycle tests. This practical guide illustrates how differential capacity d<i>Q</i>/d<i>U</i> (capacitance) obtained from discharge curves, impedance spectra, and cyclic voltammograms can be used for the instant diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries without fully charging and discharging the cell. The increase of d<i>U</i>/d<i>Q</i> is an early indicator of upcoming heat events and deep discharge. The criterion d<i>Q</i>/d<i>U</i> = d<i>U</i>/d<i>Q</i> = 1 could serve as an indicator for “full charge”. The frequency response of capacitance correlates with the available charge of the battery and reflects overcharge events and deep discharges long before the battery fails. It is not necessary to measure down to extremely low frequencies because the charge transfer pseudocapacitance of around 10 Hz reflects well the SOC. Computer-aided calculation methods for the evaluation of measurements in industrial environments and for the training of students are presented.
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spelling doaj.art-67f3e8e1878d463ba2f4ac9e5a21324f2023-11-23T19:53:08ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-06-011513452010.3390/en15134520Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A TutorialPeter Kurzweil0Wolfgang Scheuerpflug1Bernhard Frenzel2Christian Schell3Josef Schottenbauer4Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, GermanyDiehl Aerospace GmbH, Donaustraße 120, 90451 Nürnberg, GermanyElectrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, GermanyElectrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, GermanyElectrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, GermanyState-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of different cell chemistries were investigated using long-time cycle tests. This practical guide illustrates how differential capacity d<i>Q</i>/d<i>U</i> (capacitance) obtained from discharge curves, impedance spectra, and cyclic voltammograms can be used for the instant diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries without fully charging and discharging the cell. The increase of d<i>U</i>/d<i>Q</i> is an early indicator of upcoming heat events and deep discharge. The criterion d<i>Q</i>/d<i>U</i> = d<i>U</i>/d<i>Q</i> = 1 could serve as an indicator for “full charge”. The frequency response of capacitance correlates with the available charge of the battery and reflects overcharge events and deep discharges long before the battery fails. It is not necessary to measure down to extremely low frequencies because the charge transfer pseudocapacitance of around 10 Hz reflects well the SOC. Computer-aided calculation methods for the evaluation of measurements in industrial environments and for the training of students are presented.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4520capacitancestate-of-charge determinationstate-of-healthaginglithium-ion battery
spellingShingle Peter Kurzweil
Wolfgang Scheuerpflug
Bernhard Frenzel
Christian Schell
Josef Schottenbauer
Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
Energies
capacitance
state-of-charge determination
state-of-health
aging
lithium-ion battery
title Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
title_full Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
title_fullStr Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
title_full_unstemmed Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
title_short Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial
title_sort differential capacity as a tool for soc and soh estimation of lithium ion batteries using charge discharge curves cyclic voltammetry impedance spectroscopy and heat events a tutorial
topic capacitance
state-of-charge determination
state-of-health
aging
lithium-ion battery
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/13/4520
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