Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study
BackgroundIn Australia the estimated rate of small for gestational age (SGA) births is 9% among non-Indigenous births compared to 14% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. There is limited research investigating the effect of being born SGA on body composition later in life in Indigenous Aus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1349040/full |
| _version_ | 1797301328278454272 |
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| author | Craig Hansen Belinda Davison Gurmeet R. Singh Gurmeet R. Singh |
| author_facet | Craig Hansen Belinda Davison Gurmeet R. Singh Gurmeet R. Singh |
| author_sort | Craig Hansen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIn Australia the estimated rate of small for gestational age (SGA) births is 9% among non-Indigenous births compared to 14% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. There is limited research investigating the effect of being born SGA on body composition later in life in Indigenous Australians.MethodsUsing data from the Aboriginal Birth Cohort longitudinal study, we compared the body composition of those born SGA to non-SGA by analysing anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage [FAT%], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio, and A body shape index [ABSI]) collected at four follow-up periods (from childhood to adult). For cross-sectional analyses, linear regression models were employed to assess factors associated with anthropometric measures. For longitudinal analyses linear mixed models were employed to assess differences in anthropometric measures among SGA versus non-SGA individuals while adjusting for repeated measures.ResultsThe analytic baseline cohort were those who participated in Wave 2 (n = 570). In cross-sectional analyses, across all waves those born SGA had smaller anthropometric z-scores compared to non-SGA individuals (β ranging from −0.50 to −0.25). Participants residing in urban environments were significantly larger in Waves 2 to 4 (β ranged 0.26 to 0.65). Those born SGA had higher ABSI scores in Waves 2 and 4 (β 0.26 and 0.37, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, those born SGA had smaller measures of body composition across the life course; these differences were larger in urban communities. In remote communities those born SGA had significantly higher ABSI scores during adolescence and young adulthood, and this difference was not observed in urban communities.ConclusionIndigenous Australians born SGA are smaller anthropometrically later in life compared to their non-SGA counterparts. In remote communities, those born SGA had higher levels of central adiposity compared to non-SGA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:20:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-680c56b0636f40c99ff35232e1499138 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:20:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-680c56b0636f40c99ff35232e14991382024-02-21T05:50:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-02-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13490401349040Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort studyCraig Hansen0Belinda Davison1Gurmeet R. Singh2Gurmeet R. Singh3Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, AustraliaMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, AustraliaMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, AustraliaNorthern Territory Medical Program, Flinders University, Darwin, Darwin, NT, AustraliaBackgroundIn Australia the estimated rate of small for gestational age (SGA) births is 9% among non-Indigenous births compared to 14% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. There is limited research investigating the effect of being born SGA on body composition later in life in Indigenous Australians.MethodsUsing data from the Aboriginal Birth Cohort longitudinal study, we compared the body composition of those born SGA to non-SGA by analysing anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage [FAT%], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio, and A body shape index [ABSI]) collected at four follow-up periods (from childhood to adult). For cross-sectional analyses, linear regression models were employed to assess factors associated with anthropometric measures. For longitudinal analyses linear mixed models were employed to assess differences in anthropometric measures among SGA versus non-SGA individuals while adjusting for repeated measures.ResultsThe analytic baseline cohort were those who participated in Wave 2 (n = 570). In cross-sectional analyses, across all waves those born SGA had smaller anthropometric z-scores compared to non-SGA individuals (β ranging from −0.50 to −0.25). Participants residing in urban environments were significantly larger in Waves 2 to 4 (β ranged 0.26 to 0.65). Those born SGA had higher ABSI scores in Waves 2 and 4 (β 0.26 and 0.37, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, those born SGA had smaller measures of body composition across the life course; these differences were larger in urban communities. In remote communities those born SGA had significantly higher ABSI scores during adolescence and young adulthood, and this difference was not observed in urban communities.ConclusionIndigenous Australians born SGA are smaller anthropometrically later in life compared to their non-SGA counterparts. In remote communities, those born SGA had higher levels of central adiposity compared to non-SGA.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1349040/fullsmall for gestational agebody compositionIndigenous Australiananthropometricsremote Australian communities |
| spellingShingle | Craig Hansen Belinda Davison Gurmeet R. Singh Gurmeet R. Singh Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study Frontiers in Public Health small for gestational age body composition Indigenous Australian anthropometrics remote Australian communities |
| title | Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study |
| title_full | Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study |
| title_short | Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study |
| title_sort | small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood the aboriginal birth cohort study |
| topic | small for gestational age body composition Indigenous Australian anthropometrics remote Australian communities |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1349040/full |
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