Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees
IntroductionThe severe Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB), a vascular disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. Disease impacts are known for sweet oranges and acid limes but not lemons....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1005557/full |
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| author | Juan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas Hermes Teixeira de Oliveira Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Júnior Everton Vieira de Carvalho Daniela Kharfan André Luís Creste Gerardo Gastaminza Hernán Salas Renato Beozzo Bassanezi Antônio Juliano Ayres Silvio Aparecido Lopes |
| author_facet | Juan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas Hermes Teixeira de Oliveira Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Júnior Everton Vieira de Carvalho Daniela Kharfan André Luís Creste Gerardo Gastaminza Hernán Salas Renato Beozzo Bassanezi Antônio Juliano Ayres Silvio Aparecido Lopes |
| author_sort | Juan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe severe Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB), a vascular disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. Disease impacts are known for sweet oranges and acid limes but not lemons.MethodsIn a five-year study (2017–2021) we compared yield and fruit quality between naturally-infected and healthy 5-yr-old trees of Sicilian lemon ‘Femminello’, and shoot phenology on both lemon and ‘Valencia’ orange, both grafted onto ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, grown in southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. HLB severity (percentage of tree canopy area with HLB symptoms) was assessed every 3–4 months, fruit yield and quality in May (2017 to 2019) or June/July (2020-2021), and vegetative and reproductive shoots fortnightly on 50-cm-long branches. The development of ACP on one-year-old seedlings of five lemon varieties, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, ‘Valencia’ orange, and orange jasmine was evaluated.ResultsSymptoms increased from 11% in 2017 to 64% in 2021, and a monomolecular model estimated 10 years for symptoms to occupy >90% of the tree canopy. On average, production of trees with symptom on 20%, 50% or 80% of the canopy respectively dropped by 18%, 38%, and 53% compared to healthy trees. Fruits of symptomatic branches of lemons were 4.22% lighter and the number of dropped fruits did not correlate with symptom severity. Flushing on symptomatic branches started earlier by 15 to 55 days as compared to the healthy branches of lemon and orange. On diseased trees, vegetative and reproductive shoots respectively increased by 24.5% and 17.5% on lemon and by 67.2% and 70.6% on sweet orange, but fruit set was reduced by 12.9% and 19.7% on lemon and orange trees, respectively. ACP reproduced similarly on all tested plants.DiscussionThe fast symptom progress, significant yield reduction, and earlier flushing on diseased trees, providing conditions highly favorable for the pathogen to spread, reinforce the need of prompt diseased tree removal and frequent ACP preventive control to manage HLB in lemons as in any other citrus crop. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:14:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-680de66e742b4551927222c9c1fde7c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T11:14:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-680de66e742b4551927222c9c1fde7c52022-12-22T02:49:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-12-011310.3389/fpls.2022.10055571005557Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon treesJuan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas0Hermes Teixeira de Oliveira1Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Júnior2Everton Vieira de Carvalho3Daniela Kharfan4André Luís Creste5Gerardo Gastaminza6Hernán Salas7Renato Beozzo Bassanezi8Antônio Juliano Ayres9Silvio Aparecido Lopes10Departamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, BrazilDepartamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Jaboticabal, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’, Jaboticabal, BrazilDepartamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. John Bean Technologies Corporation, John Bean Technologies JBT Corporation, Araraquara, BrazilDepartamento Agrícola, Agro São José, Rio Claro, BrazilPrograma Citrus, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, ArgentinaPrograma Citrus, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Las Talitas, ArgentinaDepartamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, BrazilDepartamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, BrazilDepartamento de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, BrazilIntroductionThe severe Asian form of huanglongbing (HLB), a vascular disease associated with the phloem-limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri. Disease impacts are known for sweet oranges and acid limes but not lemons.MethodsIn a five-year study (2017–2021) we compared yield and fruit quality between naturally-infected and healthy 5-yr-old trees of Sicilian lemon ‘Femminello’, and shoot phenology on both lemon and ‘Valencia’ orange, both grafted onto ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, grown in southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. HLB severity (percentage of tree canopy area with HLB symptoms) was assessed every 3–4 months, fruit yield and quality in May (2017 to 2019) or June/July (2020-2021), and vegetative and reproductive shoots fortnightly on 50-cm-long branches. The development of ACP on one-year-old seedlings of five lemon varieties, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, ‘Valencia’ orange, and orange jasmine was evaluated.ResultsSymptoms increased from 11% in 2017 to 64% in 2021, and a monomolecular model estimated 10 years for symptoms to occupy >90% of the tree canopy. On average, production of trees with symptom on 20%, 50% or 80% of the canopy respectively dropped by 18%, 38%, and 53% compared to healthy trees. Fruits of symptomatic branches of lemons were 4.22% lighter and the number of dropped fruits did not correlate with symptom severity. Flushing on symptomatic branches started earlier by 15 to 55 days as compared to the healthy branches of lemon and orange. On diseased trees, vegetative and reproductive shoots respectively increased by 24.5% and 17.5% on lemon and by 67.2% and 70.6% on sweet orange, but fruit set was reduced by 12.9% and 19.7% on lemon and orange trees, respectively. ACP reproduced similarly on all tested plants.DiscussionThe fast symptom progress, significant yield reduction, and earlier flushing on diseased trees, providing conditions highly favorable for the pathogen to spread, reinforce the need of prompt diseased tree removal and frequent ACP preventive control to manage HLB in lemons as in any other citrus crop.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1005557/fullCitrus sp.HLBphenology shiftsrelative yieldessential oils |
| spellingShingle | Juan Camilo Cifuentes-Arenas Hermes Teixeira de Oliveira Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Júnior Everton Vieira de Carvalho Daniela Kharfan André Luís Creste Gerardo Gastaminza Hernán Salas Renato Beozzo Bassanezi Antônio Juliano Ayres Silvio Aparecido Lopes Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees Frontiers in Plant Science Citrus sp. HLB phenology shifts relative yield essential oils |
| title | Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees |
| title_full | Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees |
| title_short | Impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of Sicilian lemon trees |
| title_sort | impacts of huanglongbing on fruit yield and quality and on flushing dynamics of sicilian lemon trees |
| topic | Citrus sp. HLB phenology shifts relative yield essential oils |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1005557/full |
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