The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
The Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) encompasses a large group of parasitic wasps widely used in biocontrol programs of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> is a solitary parasitoid that attacks and develops on several mealybugs of economic importance. Thus, this speci...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1138 |
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| author | Milos Sevarika Paolo Giannotti Andrea Lucchi Roberto Romani |
| author_facet | Milos Sevarika Paolo Giannotti Andrea Lucchi Roberto Romani |
| author_sort | Milos Sevarika |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) encompasses a large group of parasitic wasps widely used in biocontrol programs of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> is a solitary parasitoid that attacks and develops on several mealybugs of economic importance. Thus, this species is widely used as a biocontrol agent of <i>Planococcus</i> spp. and <i>Pseudococcus</i> spp. <i>A. vladimiri</i> males and females show sexual dimorphism with regard to the antennal organization, in terms of shape and the development of antennomeres. Ultrastructural investigations of female antennae, carried out with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, revealed the presence of nine distinct antennomeres. The scape was enlarged and paddle-like, compared to the other antennomeres. The club (the apical antennomere) was mono-segmented and housed the highest number of sensilla. Eight morphologically different types of sensilla were described; sensilla trichoidea I, trichoidea II, chaetica I, chaetica II, grooved peg sensilla, campaniform sensilla, multiporous plate sensilla and multiporous basiconic sensilla. Ultrastructural investigations allowed for us to assign a specific function to each type of sensilla. The most abundant type of sensilla were sensilla trichoidea I and multiporous plate sensilla. We also found two types of sensilla (multiporous basiconic sensilla and sensilla chaetica II) that were present only on the females. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:17:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68129c5b3c1647c690f5938713972a57 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:17:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-68129c5b3c1647c690f5938713972a572023-11-24T15:39:48ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-12-011312113810.3390/insects13121138The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)Milos Sevarika0Paolo Giannotti1Andrea Lucchi2Roberto Romani3Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, ItalyThe Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) encompasses a large group of parasitic wasps widely used in biocontrol programs of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> is a solitary parasitoid that attacks and develops on several mealybugs of economic importance. Thus, this species is widely used as a biocontrol agent of <i>Planococcus</i> spp. and <i>Pseudococcus</i> spp. <i>A. vladimiri</i> males and females show sexual dimorphism with regard to the antennal organization, in terms of shape and the development of antennomeres. Ultrastructural investigations of female antennae, carried out with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, revealed the presence of nine distinct antennomeres. The scape was enlarged and paddle-like, compared to the other antennomeres. The club (the apical antennomere) was mono-segmented and housed the highest number of sensilla. Eight morphologically different types of sensilla were described; sensilla trichoidea I, trichoidea II, chaetica I, chaetica II, grooved peg sensilla, campaniform sensilla, multiporous plate sensilla and multiporous basiconic sensilla. Ultrastructural investigations allowed for us to assign a specific function to each type of sensilla. The most abundant type of sensilla were sensilla trichoidea I and multiporous plate sensilla. We also found two types of sensilla (multiporous basiconic sensilla and sensilla chaetica II) that were present only on the females.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1138SEMTEMultrastructureparasitoidsensilla |
| spellingShingle | Milos Sevarika Paolo Giannotti Andrea Lucchi Roberto Romani The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) Insects SEM TEM ultrastructure parasitoid sensilla |
| title | The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) |
| title_full | The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) |
| title_fullStr | The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) |
| title_short | The Antennal Sensory Structures of Female <i>Anagyrus vladimiri</i> (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) |
| title_sort | antennal sensory structures of female i anagyrus vladimiri i hymenoptera encyrtidae |
| topic | SEM TEM ultrastructure parasitoid sensilla |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/12/1138 |
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