A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households
In many ambient-intelligence applications, including intelligent homes and cities, awareness of an inhabitant’s presence and identity is of great importance. Such an identification system should be non-intrusive and therefore seamless for the user, especially if our goal is ubiquitous and pervasive...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/5/559 |
| _version_ | 1797395024007135232 |
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| author | Tomaž Kompara Janez Perš David Susič Matjaž Gams |
| author_facet | Tomaž Kompara Janez Perš David Susič Matjaž Gams |
| author_sort | Tomaž Kompara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In many ambient-intelligence applications, including intelligent homes and cities, awareness of an inhabitant’s presence and identity is of great importance. Such an identification system should be non-intrusive and therefore seamless for the user, especially if our goal is ubiquitous and pervasive surveillance. However, due to privacy concerns and regulatory restrictions, such a system should also strive to preserve the user’s privacy as much as possible. In this paper, a novel identification system is presented based on a network of laser sensors, each attached on top of the room entry. Its sensor modality, a one-dimensional depth sensor, was chosen with privacy in mind. Each sensor is mounted on the top of a doorway, facing towards the entrance, at an angle. This position allows acquiring the user’s body shape while the user is crossing the doorway, and the classification is performed by classical machine learning methods. The system is non-intrusive, non-intrusive and preserves privacy—it omits specific user-sensitive information such as activity, facial expression or clothing. No video or audio data are required. The feasibility of such a system was tested on a nearly 4000-person, publicly available database of anthropometric measurements to analyze the relationships among accuracy, measured data and number of residents, while the evaluation of the system was conducted in a real-world scenario on 18 subjects. The evaluation was performed on a closed dataset with a 10-fold cross validation and showed 98.4% accuracy for all subjects. The accuracy for groups of five subjects averaged 99.1%. These results indicate that a network of one-dimensional depth sensors is suitable for the identification task with purposes such as surveillance and intelligent ambience. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6819cc634dd0444fad2e07e5c2d93f9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:28:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-6819cc634dd0444fad2e07e5c2d93f9c2023-12-11T18:40:04ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-02-0110555910.3390/electronics10050559A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for HouseholdsTomaž Kompara0Janez Perš1David Susič2Matjaž Gams3Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška Cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaIn many ambient-intelligence applications, including intelligent homes and cities, awareness of an inhabitant’s presence and identity is of great importance. Such an identification system should be non-intrusive and therefore seamless for the user, especially if our goal is ubiquitous and pervasive surveillance. However, due to privacy concerns and regulatory restrictions, such a system should also strive to preserve the user’s privacy as much as possible. In this paper, a novel identification system is presented based on a network of laser sensors, each attached on top of the room entry. Its sensor modality, a one-dimensional depth sensor, was chosen with privacy in mind. Each sensor is mounted on the top of a doorway, facing towards the entrance, at an angle. This position allows acquiring the user’s body shape while the user is crossing the doorway, and the classification is performed by classical machine learning methods. The system is non-intrusive, non-intrusive and preserves privacy—it omits specific user-sensitive information such as activity, facial expression or clothing. No video or audio data are required. The feasibility of such a system was tested on a nearly 4000-person, publicly available database of anthropometric measurements to analyze the relationships among accuracy, measured data and number of residents, while the evaluation of the system was conducted in a real-world scenario on 18 subjects. The evaluation was performed on a closed dataset with a 10-fold cross validation and showed 98.4% accuracy for all subjects. The accuracy for groups of five subjects averaged 99.1%. These results indicate that a network of one-dimensional depth sensors is suitable for the identification task with purposes such as surveillance and intelligent ambience.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/5/559one-dimensional depth sensorbiometricsidentificationmachine learning |
| spellingShingle | Tomaž Kompara Janez Perš David Susič Matjaž Gams A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households Electronics one-dimensional depth sensor biometrics identification machine learning |
| title | A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households |
| title_full | A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households |
| title_fullStr | A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households |
| title_full_unstemmed | A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households |
| title_short | A One-Dimensional Non-Intrusive and Privacy-Preserving Identification System for Households |
| title_sort | one dimensional non intrusive and privacy preserving identification system for households |
| topic | one-dimensional depth sensor biometrics identification machine learning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/5/559 |
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