Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms
Leaching experiments were carried out on fresh ash samples from Popocatépetl 2012, Etna 2011, and Etna 2012 eruptions, in order to investigate the release of compounds in both double-deionized and lake (Lake Ohrid, FYR of Macedonia) waters. The experiments were carried out using different grain size...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Biogeosciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.biogeosciences.net/12/7087/2015/bg-12-7087-2015.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818512381613965312 |
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| author | M. D'Addabbo R. Sulpizio M. Guidi G. Capitani P. Mantecca G. Zanchetta |
| author_facet | M. D'Addabbo R. Sulpizio M. Guidi G. Capitani P. Mantecca G. Zanchetta |
| author_sort | M. D'Addabbo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leaching experiments were carried out on fresh ash samples from
Popocatépetl 2012, Etna 2011, and Etna 2012 eruptions, in order to investigate
the release of compounds in both double-deionized and lake (Lake Ohrid, FYR
of Macedonia) waters. The experiments were carried out using different grain
sizes and variable stirring times (from 30 min to 7 days). Results
were discussed in the light of changing pH and release of compounds for the
different leachates. In particular, Etna samples induced alkalinization, and
Popocatépetl samples induced acidification of the corresponding
leachates. The release of different elements does not show correlation with
the stirring time, with the measured maximum concentrations reached in the
first hours of washing. General inverse correlation with grain size was
observed only for Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>,
SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>, while the other analysed elements show a complex,
scattering relationship with grain size.
<br><br>
Geochemical modelling highlights leachates' saturation only for F and Si,
with Popocatépetl samples sometimes showing saturation in Fe.
<br><br>
The analysed leachates are classified as undrinkable for humans on the basis
of European laws, due to excess in F<sup>−</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe, and
SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (the latter only for Popocatépetl samples).
<br><br>
Finally, the Etna 2012 and Popocatépetl leachates were used for toxicity
experiments on living biota (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>). They are mildly toxic, and no significant
differences exist between the toxic profiles of the two leachates. In
particular, no significant embryo mortality was observed; while even at high
dilutions, the leachates produced more than 20 % of malformed larvae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:46:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6821527f7b59481abc950c28ce802e76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1726-4170 1726-4189 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T23:46:04Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biogeosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-6821527f7b59481abc950c28ce802e762022-12-22T01:28:55ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892015-12-0112237087710610.5194/bg-12-7087-2015Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organismsM. D'Addabbo0R. Sulpizio1M. Guidi2G. Capitani3P. Mantecca4G. Zanchetta5Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, ItalyIGG-CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Terra, via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, ItalyLeaching experiments were carried out on fresh ash samples from Popocatépetl 2012, Etna 2011, and Etna 2012 eruptions, in order to investigate the release of compounds in both double-deionized and lake (Lake Ohrid, FYR of Macedonia) waters. The experiments were carried out using different grain sizes and variable stirring times (from 30 min to 7 days). Results were discussed in the light of changing pH and release of compounds for the different leachates. In particular, Etna samples induced alkalinization, and Popocatépetl samples induced acidification of the corresponding leachates. The release of different elements does not show correlation with the stirring time, with the measured maximum concentrations reached in the first hours of washing. General inverse correlation with grain size was observed only for Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and Mn<sup>2+</sup>, while the other analysed elements show a complex, scattering relationship with grain size. <br><br> Geochemical modelling highlights leachates' saturation only for F and Si, with Popocatépetl samples sometimes showing saturation in Fe. <br><br> The analysed leachates are classified as undrinkable for humans on the basis of European laws, due to excess in F<sup>−</sup>, Mn<sup>2+</sup>, Fe, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> (the latter only for Popocatépetl samples). <br><br> Finally, the Etna 2012 and Popocatépetl leachates were used for toxicity experiments on living biota (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>). They are mildly toxic, and no significant differences exist between the toxic profiles of the two leachates. In particular, no significant embryo mortality was observed; while even at high dilutions, the leachates produced more than 20 % of malformed larvae.http://www.biogeosciences.net/12/7087/2015/bg-12-7087-2015.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. D'Addabbo R. Sulpizio M. Guidi G. Capitani P. Mantecca G. Zanchetta Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms Biogeosciences |
| title | Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| title_full | Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| title_fullStr | Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| title_short | Ash leachates from some recent eruptions of Mount Etna (Italy) and Popocatépetl (Mexico) volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| title_sort | ash leachates from some recent eruptions of mount etna italy and popocatepetl mexico volcanoes and their impact on amphibian living freshwater organisms |
| url | http://www.biogeosciences.net/12/7087/2015/bg-12-7087-2015.pdf |
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