| Summary: | Intro: Adenovirus has often been used as a health risk indicator due to its ubiquitous presence in the environment, humans and wildlife. However, a wide range of prevalence values have been reported. We hereby address the prevalence of Adenovirus specifically among non-human primate populations. Methods: Primate faeces were collected from the ground of the habitat of nine primate populations in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Faeces samples were scored on a scale of 1 to 5 based on freshness, subjected to bead-beating and magnetic beads-based DNA extraction, followed by PCR amplification. Locations that reported positive samples or had abundant samples were sampled again, within the next day to two months, to determine the detection rate of Adenovirus. Findings: Four out of nine primate populations reported zero detection on the first sampling, whereby 8, 11, 23, and 16 samples were collected respectively. These sites were not sampled further. The detection of Adenovirus among the other five primate populations ranged from 4.8% to 35.3% (1/21 to 6/17) at any individual sampling events. Adenovirus detection per population over two sampling events fluctuated between -12.2%% and +2.1%. This brought to an overall prevalence of 23.3% (17/73) if only primate population reporting positive cases were considered, and 13.0% (17/131) if all of the nine populations were considered. Conclusion: The prevalence of Adenovirus reported by our study seems to fall within the range of reported prevalence in the literature - when only positive populations were considered. It is critical to take note that the ‘actual’ prevalence could be lower, if non-positive populations were to be included. Thus, the prevalence reported in the literature needs to be verified cautiously from this aspect. This fundamental information would aid resource planning for monitoring or research activities, especially if costly next generation sequencing crucial for emerging pathogen surveillance and zoonotic diseases were to be implemented.
|
|---|