UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries
<i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav.</i> is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/643 |
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| author | Lucia Cuesta Ramos Javier Palacios Ruth E. Barrientos Jessica Gómez Juan Manuel Castagnini Francisco J. Barba Alejandro Tapia Adrián Paredes Fredi Cifuentes Mario J. Simirgiotis |
| author_facet | Lucia Cuesta Ramos Javier Palacios Ruth E. Barrientos Jessica Gómez Juan Manuel Castagnini Francisco J. Barba Alejandro Tapia Adrián Paredes Fredi Cifuentes Mario J. Simirgiotis |
| author_sort | Lucia Cuesta Ramos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav.</i> is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC<sub>50</sub>: 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC<sub>50</sub>: 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC<sub>50</sub>: 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC<sub>50</sub>: 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC<sub>50</sub>: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50–60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that <i>A. dentata</i> is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:43:55Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:43:55Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-683175f1f3964cb6983a5dac5c43d4a92023-11-16T16:42:15ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-02-0112364310.3390/foods12030643UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> BerriesLucia Cuesta Ramos0Javier Palacios1Ruth E. Barrientos2Jessica Gómez3Juan Manuel Castagnini4Francisco J. Barba5Alejandro Tapia6Adrián Paredes7Fredi Cifuentes8Mario J. Simirgiotis9Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainLaboratorio de Bioquímica Aplicada, Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, ChileInstituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileInstituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, ArgentinaDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, SpainInstituto de Biotecnología-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), San Juan CP 5400, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, ChileLaboratorio de Fisiología Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, ChileInstituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile<i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav.</i> is a small Chilean native plant from Patagonia, a producer of small white reddish berries. For the first time, the proximal analysis of the fruits, phenolic fingerprinting, the antioxidant activity, and the enzymatic inhibition and relaxation effects in rat aorta induced by the ethanolic extract of these fruits were investigated. The proximal composition and the mineral (Ca: 2434 ± 40 mg/kg; Mg: 702 ± 13 mg/kg; Fe: 117.1 ± 1.6 mg/kg; Zn: 16.1 ± 0.4 mg/kg) and heavy metal (As: 121 ± 11 µg/kg; Cd: 152 ± 5 µg/kg; Hg: 7.7 ± 1.3 µg/kg; Pb 294 ± 4 µg/kg) contents were analyzed. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins were identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. The ethanolic extracts showed a total phenolic content of 23.50 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g extract. In addition, the antioxidant activity was assessed using both DPPH and TEAC (28.64 ± 1.87 and 34.72 ± 2.33 mg Trolox/g of dry fruit, respectively), FRAP (25.32 ± 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry fruit), and ORAC (64.95 ± 1.23 mg Trolox equivalents/g dry fruit). The inhibition of enzymatic activities (acetylcholinesterase IC<sub>50</sub>: 2.87 + 0.23 µg extract/mL, butyrylcholinesterase IC<sub>50</sub>: 6.73 + 0.07 µg extract/mL, amylase IC<sub>50</sub>: 5.6 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, lipase IC<sub>50</sub>: 30.8 ± 0.0 µg extract/mL, and tyrosinase IC<sub>50</sub>: 9.25 ± 0.15 µg extract/mL) was also assessed. The extract showed 50–60% relaxation in rat aorta (intact), mediated thorough the release of endothelial nitric oxide. Our results suggest that <i>A. dentata</i> is a good source of compounds with the capacity to inhibit important enzymes, can be hypotensive, and can thus have good potentiality as supplements in the amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases and could also have potential to be used to develop new functional foods. The study highlights the benefits of these neglected small fruits and could boost their consumption.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/643corcolenphenolicsanticholinesterase activitymetabolic syndromenative plantsneglected berries |
| spellingShingle | Lucia Cuesta Ramos Javier Palacios Ruth E. Barrientos Jessica Gómez Juan Manuel Castagnini Francisco J. Barba Alejandro Tapia Adrián Paredes Fredi Cifuentes Mario J. Simirgiotis UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries Foods corcolen phenolics anticholinesterase activity metabolic syndrome native plants neglected berries |
| title | UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries |
| title_full | UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries |
| title_fullStr | UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries |
| title_full_unstemmed | UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries |
| title_short | UHPLC-MS Phenolic Fingerprinting, Aorta Endothelium Relaxation Effect, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of <i>Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav</i> Berries |
| title_sort | uhplc ms phenolic fingerprinting aorta endothelium relaxation effect antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of i azara dentata ruiz pav i berries |
| topic | corcolen phenolics anticholinesterase activity metabolic syndrome native plants neglected berries |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/3/643 |
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