Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions
Tin (Sn ^2+ ) and strontium (Sr ^2+ ) are potential replacements to lead (Pb ^2+ ) in perovskite synthesis since Sn is on the same IVA group in the periodic table as Pb while Sr is a promising alternative according to Goldschmidt’s rules and quantum mechanical analysis. The crystal radii of their io...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Materials Research Express |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac2192 |
| _version_ | 1797746811010547712 |
|---|---|
| author | Jonathan B Junio Marlon T Conato Candy C Mercado |
| author_facet | Jonathan B Junio Marlon T Conato Candy C Mercado |
| author_sort | Jonathan B Junio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tin (Sn ^2+ ) and strontium (Sr ^2+ ) are potential replacements to lead (Pb ^2+ ) in perovskite synthesis since Sn is on the same IVA group in the periodic table as Pb while Sr is a promising alternative according to Goldschmidt’s rules and quantum mechanical analysis. The crystal radii of their ions are also nearly identical with Pb ^2+ = 1.33 Å, Sn ^2+ = 1.36 Å, and Sr ^2+ = 1.32 Å. In this study, both Sn and Sr were explored in transforming calcite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO _3 ) into a leaving group in the first step of a sequential ion-exchange reaction towards perovskite formation. Instead of forming the intermediate tin carbonate (SnCO _3 ), the reaction resulted in the formation of gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO _4. 2H _2 O) and Sn in the form of oxides. These oxides, however, are useful especially when these are in the form of tin dioxide-coated CaCO _3 shell-core structures—having demonstrated flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. On the other hand, calcite was successfully transformed into strontium carbonate (SrCO _3 ) or strontianite through the cation exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to observe the resulting materials and understand the transformation of both Placuna placenta (or Capiz) shells and single-crystal calcite from the ion-exchange reactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:42:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68344f33ef244fa686e31c2dcc58a64a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2053-1591 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:42:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Research Express |
| spelling | doaj.art-68344f33ef244fa686e31c2dcc58a64a2023-08-09T15:54:33ZengIOP PublishingMaterials Research Express2053-15912021-01-018909550110.1088/2053-1591/ac2192Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactionsJonathan B Junio0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-9900Marlon T Conato1Candy C Mercado2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-9154Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City 1101, PhilippinesInstitute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City 1101, PhilippinesDepartment of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines , Diliman, Quezon City 1101, PhilippinesTin (Sn ^2+ ) and strontium (Sr ^2+ ) are potential replacements to lead (Pb ^2+ ) in perovskite synthesis since Sn is on the same IVA group in the periodic table as Pb while Sr is a promising alternative according to Goldschmidt’s rules and quantum mechanical analysis. The crystal radii of their ions are also nearly identical with Pb ^2+ = 1.33 Å, Sn ^2+ = 1.36 Å, and Sr ^2+ = 1.32 Å. In this study, both Sn and Sr were explored in transforming calcite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO _3 ) into a leaving group in the first step of a sequential ion-exchange reaction towards perovskite formation. Instead of forming the intermediate tin carbonate (SnCO _3 ), the reaction resulted in the formation of gypsum or calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO _4. 2H _2 O) and Sn in the form of oxides. These oxides, however, are useful especially when these are in the form of tin dioxide-coated CaCO _3 shell-core structures—having demonstrated flame retardant and smoke suppressant properties. On the other hand, calcite was successfully transformed into strontium carbonate (SrCO _3 ) or strontianite through the cation exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to observe the resulting materials and understand the transformation of both Placuna placenta (or Capiz) shells and single-crystal calcite from the ion-exchange reactions.https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac2192perovskite synthesiscalcitestrontianiteion exchange |
| spellingShingle | Jonathan B Junio Marlon T Conato Candy C Mercado Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions Materials Research Express perovskite synthesis calcite strontianite ion exchange |
| title | Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| title_full | Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| title_fullStr | Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| title_short | Substitution of Ca2+ by Sn2+ and Sr2+ cations in P. placenta shells and single-crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| title_sort | substitution of ca2 by sn2 and sr2 cations in p placenta shells and single crystal calcite through ion exchange reactions |
| topic | perovskite synthesis calcite strontianite ion exchange |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac2192 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jonathanbjunio substitutionofca2bysn2andsr2cationsinpplacentashellsandsinglecrystalcalcitethroughionexchangereactions AT marlontconato substitutionofca2bysn2andsr2cationsinpplacentashellsandsinglecrystalcalcitethroughionexchangereactions AT candycmercado substitutionofca2bysn2andsr2cationsinpplacentashellsandsinglecrystalcalcitethroughionexchangereactions |