Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses
The rapid growth of tumors depends upon elevated levels of dNTPs, and while dNTP concentrations are tightly regulated in normal cells, this control is often lost in transformed cells. This feature of cancer cells has been used to advantage to develop oncolytic DNA viruses. DNA viruses employ many di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2017.00229/full |
| _version_ | 1818164210612305920 |
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| author | Chad R. Irwin Chad R. Irwin Mary M. Hitt Mary M. Hitt David H. Evans David H. Evans |
| author_facet | Chad R. Irwin Chad R. Irwin Mary M. Hitt Mary M. Hitt David H. Evans David H. Evans |
| author_sort | Chad R. Irwin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid growth of tumors depends upon elevated levels of dNTPs, and while dNTP concentrations are tightly regulated in normal cells, this control is often lost in transformed cells. This feature of cancer cells has been used to advantage to develop oncolytic DNA viruses. DNA viruses employ many different mechanisms to increase dNTP levels in infected cells, because the low concentration of dNTPs found in non-cycling cells can inhibit virus replication. By disrupting the virus-encoded gene(s) that normally promote dNTP biosynthesis, one can assemble oncolytic versions of these agents that replicate selectively in cancer cells. This review covers the pathways involved in dNTP production, how they are dysregulated in cancer cells, and the various approaches that have been used to exploit this biology to improve the tumor specificity of oncolytic viruses. In particular, we compare and contrast the ways that the different types of oncolytic virus candidates can directly modulate these processes. We limit our review to the large DNA viruses that naturally encode homologs of the cellular enzymes that catalyze dNTP biogenesis. Lastly, we consider how this knowledge might guide future development of oncolytic viruses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:01:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68347d7cb4d74573b5a94762cebe00e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T17:01:50Z |
| publishDate | 2017-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-68347d7cb4d74573b5a94762cebe00e02022-12-22T00:57:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2017-09-01710.3389/fonc.2017.00229298520Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA VirusesChad R. Irwin0Chad R. Irwin1Mary M. Hitt2Mary M. Hitt3David H. Evans4David H. Evans5Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaFaculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaThe rapid growth of tumors depends upon elevated levels of dNTPs, and while dNTP concentrations are tightly regulated in normal cells, this control is often lost in transformed cells. This feature of cancer cells has been used to advantage to develop oncolytic DNA viruses. DNA viruses employ many different mechanisms to increase dNTP levels in infected cells, because the low concentration of dNTPs found in non-cycling cells can inhibit virus replication. By disrupting the virus-encoded gene(s) that normally promote dNTP biosynthesis, one can assemble oncolytic versions of these agents that replicate selectively in cancer cells. This review covers the pathways involved in dNTP production, how they are dysregulated in cancer cells, and the various approaches that have been used to exploit this biology to improve the tumor specificity of oncolytic viruses. In particular, we compare and contrast the ways that the different types of oncolytic virus candidates can directly modulate these processes. We limit our review to the large DNA viruses that naturally encode homologs of the cellular enzymes that catalyze dNTP biogenesis. Lastly, we consider how this knowledge might guide future development of oncolytic viruses.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2017.00229/fulladenovirusherpes simplex virus-1nucleotide metabolismoncolytic viruscancerribonucleotide reductase |
| spellingShingle | Chad R. Irwin Chad R. Irwin Mary M. Hitt Mary M. Hitt David H. Evans David H. Evans Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses Frontiers in Oncology adenovirus herpes simplex virus-1 nucleotide metabolism oncolytic virus cancer ribonucleotide reductase |
| title | Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses |
| title_full | Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses |
| title_fullStr | Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses |
| title_short | Targeting Nucleotide Biosynthesis: A Strategy for Improving the Oncolytic Potential of DNA Viruses |
| title_sort | targeting nucleotide biosynthesis a strategy for improving the oncolytic potential of dna viruses |
| topic | adenovirus herpes simplex virus-1 nucleotide metabolism oncolytic virus cancer ribonucleotide reductase |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2017.00229/full |
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