The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model
This study evaluated the effect of grape seed-derived monomer, dimeric, and trimeric procyanidins on rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells and in a zebrafish Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. PC12 cells were cultured with grape seed-derived procyanidins or deprenyl for 24 h and then exposed to 1...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5007 |
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| author | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu |
| author_facet | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu |
| author_sort | Juan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the effect of grape seed-derived monomer, dimeric, and trimeric procyanidins on rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells and in a zebrafish Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. PC12 cells were cultured with grape seed-derived procyanidins or deprenyl for 24 h and then exposed to 1.5 mm 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) for 24 h. Zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization were incubated with deprenyl or grape seed-derived procyanidins in 400 µM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 4 days. The results showed that the procyanidin dimers procyanidin B1 (B1), procyanidin B2 (B2), procyanidin B3 (B3), procyanidin B4 (B4), procyanidin B1-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (B1-G), procyanidin B2-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (B2-G), and the procyanidin trimer procyanidin C1 (C1) had a protective effect on PC12 cells, decreasing the damaged dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment in zebrafish. In PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, procyanidin (B1, B2, B3, B4, B1-G, B2-G, C1) treatment decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggest that in PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, the neuroprotective effects of the procyanidins were positively correlated with their degree of polymerization. |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-68367951e5d040a7b1c5ea42dfd0e0f82023-12-03T12:51:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012715500710.3390/molecules27155007The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease ModelJuan Chen0Yixuan Chen1Yangfan Zheng2Jiawen Zhao3Huilin Yu4Jiajin Zhu5Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, ChinaThis study evaluated the effect of grape seed-derived monomer, dimeric, and trimeric procyanidins on rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) cells and in a zebrafish Parkinson’s disease (PD) model. PC12 cells were cultured with grape seed-derived procyanidins or deprenyl for 24 h and then exposed to 1.5 mm 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP<sup>+</sup>) for 24 h. Zebrafish larvae (AB strain) 3 days post-fertilization were incubated with deprenyl or grape seed-derived procyanidins in 400 µM 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 4 days. The results showed that the procyanidin dimers procyanidin B1 (B1), procyanidin B2 (B2), procyanidin B3 (B3), procyanidin B4 (B4), procyanidin B1-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (B1-G), procyanidin B2-3-<i>O</i>-gallate (B2-G), and the procyanidin trimer procyanidin C1 (C1) had a protective effect on PC12 cells, decreasing the damaged dopaminergic neurons and motor impairment in zebrafish. In PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, procyanidin (B1, B2, B3, B4, B1-G, B2-G, C1) treatment decreased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggest that in PC12 cells and the zebrafish PD model, the neuroprotective effects of the procyanidins were positively correlated with their degree of polymerization.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5007procyanidinsParkinson’s diseasePC12 cellszebrafishNrf2/ARE pathway |
| spellingShingle | Juan Chen Yixuan Chen Yangfan Zheng Jiawen Zhao Huilin Yu Jiajin Zhu The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model Molecules procyanidins Parkinson’s disease PC12 cells zebrafish Nrf2/ARE pathway |
| title | The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model |
| title_full | The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model |
| title_short | The Relationship between Procyanidin Structure and Their Protective Effect in a Parkinson’s Disease Model |
| title_sort | relationship between procyanidin structure and their protective effect in a parkinson s disease model |
| topic | procyanidins Parkinson’s disease PC12 cells zebrafish Nrf2/ARE pathway |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/15/5007 |
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