| Summary: | During Antonescu's rule, the Federation of Jewish Communities (F.U.C.E.) and later the
Jewish Center (C.E.R.) organized the struggle for the survival of the Jews through numerous
community institutions, many with a social role. This social activity was organized under the
auspices of the Autonomous Aid Commission (C.A.A.), established in January 1941, an important
role being played by Wilhelm Filderman. The commission organized and supervised all social
action throughout this period, fulfilling one of the moral commandments of Shevot: „Every Jew is
responsible for another Jew" (Șevout 39, 71). All the spaces where philanthropic aid activities took
place were also centers of resistance, including spiritual, a place for socializing and exchanging
ideas, information and encouragement in troubled times. For the leadership of the Jewish
community in Romania, the fate of the deportees in Transnistria was a constant concern. Actions
to help and rescue them have been a component of survival efforts. This material is a short
presentation of the social and health effort of the Jewish communities in Romania during the
Antonescu regime to help its members, including those deported to Transnistria, to survive the
scourge of war
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