Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mangroves are ecologically important and highly threatened forest communities. Observational and genetic evidence has confirmed the long distance dispersal capacity of water-dispersed mangrove seeds, but less is known about the relat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/205 |
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| author | Cerón-Souza Ivania Bermingham Eldredge McMillan William Jones Frank |
| author_facet | Cerón-Souza Ivania Bermingham Eldredge McMillan William Jones Frank |
| author_sort | Cerón-Souza Ivania |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mangroves are ecologically important and highly threatened forest communities. Observational and genetic evidence has confirmed the long distance dispersal capacity of water-dispersed mangrove seeds, but less is known about the relative importance of pollen vs. seed gene flow in connecting populations. We analyzed 980 <it>Avicennia germinans</it> for 11 microsatellite loci and 940 <it>Rhizophora mangle</it> for six microsatellite loci and subsampled two non-coding cpDNA regions in order to understand population structure, and gene flow within and among four major estuaries on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both species showed similar rates of outcrossing (t= 0.7 in <it>A. germinans</it> and 0.8 in <it>R. mangle</it>) and strong patterns of spatial genetic structure within estuaries, although <it>A. germinans</it> had greater genetic structure in nuclear and cpDNA markers (7 demes > 4 demes and <it>Sp</it>= 0.02 > 0.002), and much greater cpDNA diversity (<it>H</it><sub><it>d</it></sub>= 0.8 > 0.2) than <it>R. mangle</it>. The Central American Isthmus serves as an exceptionally strong barrier to gene flow, with high levels nuclear (<it>F</it><sub><it>ST</it></sub>= 0.3-0.5) and plastid (<it>F</it><sub><it>ST</it></sub>= 0.5-0.8) genetic differentiation observed within each species between coasts and no shared cpDNA haplotypes between species on each coast. Finally, evidence of low ratios of pollen to seed dispersal (r = −0.6 in <it>A. germinans</it> and 7.7 in <it>R. mangle</it>), coupled with the strong observed structure in nuclear and plastid DNA among most estuaries, suggests low levels of gene flow in these mangrove species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that gene dispersal in mangroves is usually limited within estuaries and that coastal geomorphology and rare long distance dispersal events could also influence levels of structure.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:05:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-684440b8ca24417cad5c73f7ffac065f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2148 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T21:05:42Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-684440b8ca24417cad5c73f7ffac065f2022-12-21T20:05:38ZengBMCBMC Evolutionary Biology1471-21482012-10-0112120510.1186/1471-2148-12-205Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of PanamaCerón-Souza IvaniaBermingham EldredgeMcMillan WilliamJones Frank<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mangroves are ecologically important and highly threatened forest communities. Observational and genetic evidence has confirmed the long distance dispersal capacity of water-dispersed mangrove seeds, but less is known about the relative importance of pollen vs. seed gene flow in connecting populations. We analyzed 980 <it>Avicennia germinans</it> for 11 microsatellite loci and 940 <it>Rhizophora mangle</it> for six microsatellite loci and subsampled two non-coding cpDNA regions in order to understand population structure, and gene flow within and among four major estuaries on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both species showed similar rates of outcrossing (t= 0.7 in <it>A. germinans</it> and 0.8 in <it>R. mangle</it>) and strong patterns of spatial genetic structure within estuaries, although <it>A. germinans</it> had greater genetic structure in nuclear and cpDNA markers (7 demes > 4 demes and <it>Sp</it>= 0.02 > 0.002), and much greater cpDNA diversity (<it>H</it><sub><it>d</it></sub>= 0.8 > 0.2) than <it>R. mangle</it>. The Central American Isthmus serves as an exceptionally strong barrier to gene flow, with high levels nuclear (<it>F</it><sub><it>ST</it></sub>= 0.3-0.5) and plastid (<it>F</it><sub><it>ST</it></sub>= 0.5-0.8) genetic differentiation observed within each species between coasts and no shared cpDNA haplotypes between species on each coast. Finally, evidence of low ratios of pollen to seed dispersal (r = −0.6 in <it>A. germinans</it> and 7.7 in <it>R. mangle</it>), coupled with the strong observed structure in nuclear and plastid DNA among most estuaries, suggests low levels of gene flow in these mangrove species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that gene dispersal in mangroves is usually limited within estuaries and that coastal geomorphology and rare long distance dispersal events could also influence levels of structure.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/205Rhizophora mangleAvicennia germinansPollen dispersalSeed dispersalSpatial genetic structure |
| spellingShingle | Cerón-Souza Ivania Bermingham Eldredge McMillan William Jones Frank Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama BMC Evolutionary Biology Rhizophora mangle Avicennia germinans Pollen dispersal Seed dispersal Spatial genetic structure |
| title | Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama |
| title_full | Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama |
| title_fullStr | Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama |
| title_short | Comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in Caribbean and Pacific estuaries of Panama |
| title_sort | comparative genetic structure of two mangrove species in caribbean and pacific estuaries of panama |
| topic | Rhizophora mangle Avicennia germinans Pollen dispersal Seed dispersal Spatial genetic structure |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/205 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ceronsouzaivania comparativegeneticstructureoftwomangrovespeciesincaribbeanandpacificestuariesofpanama AT berminghameldredge comparativegeneticstructureoftwomangrovespeciesincaribbeanandpacificestuariesofpanama AT mcmillanwilliam comparativegeneticstructureoftwomangrovespeciesincaribbeanandpacificestuariesofpanama AT jonesfrank comparativegeneticstructureoftwomangrovespeciesincaribbeanandpacificestuariesofpanama |