Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i>
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) fulfil functions in plant defence and have been reported to be anticancer agents. Generally, GSL-containing plants do not produce CG, and vice versa, CG-containing plants do not synthesise GSLs. However, the production of both GSL and CG compound...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2508 |
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| author | Insyirah-Hannah Ruhaizat-Ooi Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin Nur Syatila Ab Ghani Nor Afiqah-Aleng Hamidun Bunawan Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein Sarahani Harun |
| author_facet | Insyirah-Hannah Ruhaizat-Ooi Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin Nur Syatila Ab Ghani Nor Afiqah-Aleng Hamidun Bunawan Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein Sarahani Harun |
| author_sort | Insyirah-Hannah Ruhaizat-Ooi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glucosinolates (GSLs) and cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) fulfil functions in plant defence and have been reported to be anticancer agents. Generally, GSL-containing plants do not produce CG, and vice versa, CG-containing plants do not synthesise GSLs. However, the production of both GSL and CG compounds was observed in <i>Carica papaya</i>. Additionally, several studies found both GSL glucotropaeolin and CG prunasin in papaya leaves. The advancement of genome technologies can be explored to elucidate the gene functions and other molecular discoveries in plants that might relate to GSLs and CGs. This review aims to discuss the complex interplay of the rare events whereby these two compounds (GSL and CG) co-occur in a bifurcation pathway in papaya. To our knowledge, this is the first review that highlights novel GSL and CG genes in papaya. Furthermore, species-specific pathways in papaya are also discussed and comprehensively described. The transcription factors involved in regulating GSL and CG biosynthesis pathways are also discussed, accompanied by relevant bioinformatic approaches that can help discover potential regulatory genes that control the production of prunasin and glucotropaeolin in papaya. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-684a0d6f4cef437893e99b8c981c839b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-684a0d6f4cef437893e99b8c981c839b2023-11-23T22:28:24ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-10-011210250810.3390/agronomy12102508Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i>Insyirah-Hannah Ruhaizat-Ooi0Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin1Nur Syatila Ab Ghani2Nor Afiqah-Aleng3Hamidun Bunawan4Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad5Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein6Sarahani Harun7Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaBiotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Serdang 43400, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Bandar Kuala Terengganu 21030, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaInstitute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, MalaysiaGlucosinolates (GSLs) and cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) fulfil functions in plant defence and have been reported to be anticancer agents. Generally, GSL-containing plants do not produce CG, and vice versa, CG-containing plants do not synthesise GSLs. However, the production of both GSL and CG compounds was observed in <i>Carica papaya</i>. Additionally, several studies found both GSL glucotropaeolin and CG prunasin in papaya leaves. The advancement of genome technologies can be explored to elucidate the gene functions and other molecular discoveries in plants that might relate to GSLs and CGs. This review aims to discuss the complex interplay of the rare events whereby these two compounds (GSL and CG) co-occur in a bifurcation pathway in papaya. To our knowledge, this is the first review that highlights novel GSL and CG genes in papaya. Furthermore, species-specific pathways in papaya are also discussed and comprehensively described. The transcription factors involved in regulating GSL and CG biosynthesis pathways are also discussed, accompanied by relevant bioinformatic approaches that can help discover potential regulatory genes that control the production of prunasin and glucotropaeolin in papaya.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2508glucosinolatesprunasinglucotropaeolincyanogenic compounds<i>Carica papaya</i> |
| spellingShingle | Insyirah-Hannah Ruhaizat-Ooi Rabiatul-Adawiah Zainal-Abidin Nur Syatila Ab Ghani Nor Afiqah-Aleng Hamidun Bunawan Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein Sarahani Harun Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> Agronomy glucosinolates prunasin glucotropaeolin cyanogenic compounds <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title | Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title_full | Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title_short | Understanding the Complex Functional Interplay between Glucosinolates and Cyanogenic Glycosides in <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| title_sort | understanding the complex functional interplay between glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides in i carica papaya i |
| topic | glucosinolates prunasin glucotropaeolin cyanogenic compounds <i>Carica papaya</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2508 |
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